AIS Attacks and Failures: Who to Blame



AIS Attacks and Failures: Who to Blame

Introduction

The main purpose of this paper is to make an analysis on the statement that who has the responsibility to for the AIS attacks and failures. The paper makes a discussion on the issue that whether the responsibility of the AIS attacks should be imposed on the firm or its management team of not. The paper also gives a description that in case of the losses occurred as a reason of AIS attacks who should be liable to pay the losses, and if there is any role of the federal government in making decision about the enforcement of remedies and punishment (Elbestawi, 1992). Traditionally, AIS is considered as an offline tool for fault detection (FD). However, in this paper, AIS is utilized as an online approximator in discrete-time (OLAD) along with a robust adaptive term in the proposed fault diagnostics observer. Using the fact that the system outputs are alone measurable, an output residual is determined by comparing the observer and system outputs and a fault is detected if this output residual exceeds a predefined threshold. Upon detection, the OLADs are initiated to learn the unknown fault dynamics while the robust adaptive term ensure asymptotic convergence of the output residual for a state fault whereas a bounded result for an output fault. Additionally, for prognostics purposes, the parameter update law for AIS is used to estimate the time-to-failure (TTF). Finally, the performance of the proposed FDP scheme is demonstrated experimentally on an axial piston pump test-bed for two failure modes.

Discussion

Immune system is of great interest due to its important role in maintaining the integrity of the organism. In a simplified form of immunity is a subsystem that exists in vertebrates, and combining the organs and tissues that defend the body against disease by identifying and destroying tumor cells and pathogens. The main role of the immune system is the recognition of all body cells and classifying them as "their" and "them". Foreign cells (antigens) are subjected to further classification in order to stimulate the defense mechanism of the appropriate type. Recognition of pathogens is complicated by their adaptation and evolution of new ways of successful infection of the host organism. Attempts to apply the mechanisms of the immune system for applications created a new area of research - artificial immune systems.

Artificial immune system (IMS) is an adaptive system, built on the basis of the observed properties and principles in the natural immune system. MIS is of great interest because they can efficiently handle large amounts of data; their computational capabilities derive from the properties of the natural immune system. In the current studies in the field of IMS, the authors often refer to specific features of natural immunity. It is also common properties of the synthesis algorithms from IMS with other areas of computer science (Tansel, 1993a).

This is a fairly recent branch of evolutionary computing, which researchers call "Artificial Immune Systems" (AIS), in which computer systems mimic the ...