COGNITIVE ENHANCER

Cognitive Enhancer



Cognitive Enhancer

Part 1

Cognition is the physiological process of learning, including awareness, perception, reasoning and trial. Cognitive functions mainly classified into memory, attention, creativity and intelligence. It is subjective in nature and can be affected by several factors, including aging, stress, hypertension, various pathological conditions such as dementia associated with Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia and cancer HIV-1. Cognitive enhancement may be defined as the enlargement or extension of the basic capabilities of the mind through improvement or increased processing systems or external information. Improve aspects of cognition, including learning and memory, now seems possible that people with normal agerelated decrease in healthy people, but so far the effects of these enhancers of cognition are modest (Vogler, 571).

During the process of learning and memory formation, the brain undergoes physical and chemical change is called as synaptic plasticity. Shows the involvement of several signal transduction pathways, induction of gene expression that results in the formation of new synapses between nerve cells. This process involves continuous remodeling with time and new experiences2. Memory can be divided into three main types, namely short-term memory (lasting seconds or minutes at most), the buffer long-term (lasting from days to weeks) and long-term memory (once stored can be recovered until years or even a lifetime later.)The process of memory formation involves the binding of neurotransmitter to the receptor (NMDA, AMPA), which triggers the cascade of molecular events that includes activation of CREB and PKC pathways leads to the formation of new proteins, ie receivers, and some structural proteins, the cement of the synaptic connection between two neurons repeatedly communication which ultimately results in the development of long-term memory. Some evidences showed the involvement of the way NF-kB/Rel in regulating synaptic plasticity. It is also shown that inhibition of the action of NF-kB in ...