Consent and Ethics

Consent and Ethics

Introduction

  Pain control during any dental procedure is provided by the administration of a suitable local anesthetic, placed in the correct anatomical area to produce complete analgesia of the teeth and gingivae to be treated. However, some patients may require methods of anxiety control as well as local anesthesia, before they are willing or able to undergo treatment; this is especially so with extraction procedures. Only dental teams suitably trained in these anxiety control methods should use them, to ensure the safety of the patient. This is because part of the necessary training will involve the actions to take in the event of an emergency. This is particularly relevant when drug have been administered to control anxiety and then an equipment failure occurs. In the hospital or dental clinic situation, back-up equipment and electrical supplies are available for these situations. This is not the usual case in general dental surgeries, so thorough training for all staff, and the exclusion of general anesthesia, technique on these premises is the norm.

Postoperative analgesia is a critical component in the general surgical intensive care patients, creating comfort conditions for patients. At the same time, anesthesia is an expression of the humane treatment of the patient. It also reflects a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of pain as an integral factor of the negative impact on key functional parameters of the organism and the possible complication of postoperative period. The development of optimal variants of postoperative analgesia is one of the urgent social and economic problems of medicine that inhibit growth of drug addiction. 

  For general anesthesia as a protective action for pain management, dentists use anesthetic elements like gas, vapor, and intravenous fluids. These analgesics might also include administration of acetylsalicylic acid, an inhibitor of prostaglandin E2, which is the most powerful transmitter of pain and is involved in activation of local inflammatory process. For complex traumatic operations, general anesthesia or local semiconductor blockades with local anesthetics are applied. The anesthetics inhibit the nerve responses of pain, besides improving organ blood flow. For a better and more complete protection from nociceptive stimulation, the use of opiates such as Polozhitelnye and clonidine is also common. These opiates monitor the peripheral and cerebral blood flow, and regulate the potentiating effect of anesthetics and drugs.  

Surgeries can cause pain and anxiety among patient and these are the two factors that most of the people want to avoid. That is the reason why most of the people seek alternative drug free techniques for surgery. In this connection dental surgeries are the most painful experience of surgeries people can have, however, there are certain ways to avoid dental surgeries which includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), hypnosis and acupuncture. Using any of the mentioned technique individually or in combination with another, patients can avoid such painful dental surgeries. In Angela's case, however, the dentist administration of rectal suppository for postoperative analgesia was not justifiable - not even from the point of view of safe dental surgery and post operative ...