Down syndrome

Abstract

In this research we try to discover the insight of “Down syndrome” in a holistic perspective. The key heart of the study is on “Down syndrome”. The research also examines various characteristics of “Down syndrome” and tries to measure its effect. Lastly the research illustrates a variety of factors which are responsible for “Down syndrome” and tries to describe the overall effect of it.

Table of Contents

Introduction4

Discussion4

Causes of Down syndrome4

Effect on Down syndrome5

Importance of different individuals in our society6

Treatment6

Conclusion7

Down syndrome

Introduction

Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder marked by mental retardation (IQ scores usually range from 20-80, with a mean of ~ 50), dysmorphic facial features, and numerous other distinctive phenotypic characteristics. DS is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability.

Most cases of DS are caused by the abnormal presence of three copies of chromosome 21 in every cell in the body (known as trisomy 21). In some cases, DS is due to the presence of an extra chromosome in only some cells (mosaic trisomy 21) or due to an extra copy or portion of chromosome 21 being attached to another chromosome (translocation trisomy 21). DS affects almost every organ system and can cause a number of cognitive and physical impairments, including hearing and visual deficits, congenital heart defects (CHDs), autism, depression, celiac disease, and early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Discussion

The level of disability of persons with DS varies; some children require placement in specialized residential settings that provide intensive supervision and well-structured routines, while many others are able to remain with their families and develop good social skills and a reasonable degree of independence. Treatment depends on the type and level of disability, and commonly involves a team of clinician specialists in cardiology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, neurology, audiology, physical and occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, nutrition, and mental health.

Facts and Figures

DS accounts for approximately one-third ...