ENGLISH NEOCLASSICISM

English Neoclassicism

Introduction

Neoclassicism is an esthetic direction that had dominated the European art in the late 18th century - the beginning. 19th century, which was inherent in an appeal to antiquity, and differs from the classical 17th century? In France, under the neoclassical any style of Louis XVI, Regency, Directoire and Empire, in England - the style of Adam, and Sheraton Heppluayta in the furniture business.

The term "neo-classical" is also used (usually in a foreign art criticism) to refer to classicism in the art of the second half of XVIII-first third of the XIX century, in contrast to the classical XVII-1-st half of the XVIII century. It was motivated by the desire to oppose the emergence of some "timeless" aesthetic values of the disturbing and contradictory reality

Among the pioneers of neo-classicism should be called by Jacques Ange Gabriel's planned de la Concorde in 1754, and its Petit Trianon at Versailles was considered the most perfect example of "Attica" in French architecture. Of course, it is impossible not to mention the souffle, which introduced elements of a new aesthetic in the plans for the reconstruction of Paris.

Neo classism in France and Britain In France, neo-classicism became severe, sometimes ponderous forms in England; by contrast, all the buildings were more easily and gracefully. Particularly the famous English neoklassitsisticheskie interiors: always bright and decorative, they seem willing to please homeowners and their guests.

A crucial role in the architecture of the English neo-classicism was played by two masters - William Chambers (1723-1796) and Robert Adam (1728 - 1792). This style is often referred to simply as "Adam style" in honor of its creator. In the years 1754-1756, Robert Adam made the trip to Italy and returned as an avid fan of antiquity. In his work was felt the influence of English palladianstva. However, his style was very unique and easily recognizable.

In the XVIII century, Adam created a lot of estate homes in the suburbs of London and Central England. Particularly interesting interiors of these buildings, in which the architect is often, used Etruscan ornamental motifs (e.g., Etruscan room in the mansion Oster lipark, 1762-1769 gg.). One of the most famous interior by Adam is the reception in the house Sayonhaus (1762 - 1764 gg.) it is decorated with the Twelve Colonies of blue marble with gilded capitals (crowning parts) and sculptures at the top. Trunks of these columns are truly ancient - they are found at the bottom of the Tiber River in Rome - the same capitals and sculptures executed by the drawings of the Adam. Columns are not supported by the ceiling, just the charge of the wall. However, they give the room a majestic view.



Gallery neoclassical Kenwood House, by Robert Adam

John Soane largely followed the manner of dance. He was the chief architect of the building. British Bank (1795-1827 gg.) and dedicated it to build a significant part of their lives (in the XX century. The bank was re-built, but some of Soane interiors ...