Expectancy Theory of Motivation



Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Expectancy Theory Of Motivation

Motivation is the driving force behind every action. Human beings perform various tasks, but there is a driving force behind every task they perform. They should be motivated in order to perform their task in the best possible manner. Motivation plays a prominent role in outstanding performance (Books LLC, 2010). This performance can be in academics, work, house etc. All performances, whether small or big, require motivation and once an individual gains motivation he or she can perform the task in a remarkable manner.

This theory or model for motivation was developed by Victor Vroom and repeatedly enriched mainly by Poster and Lawler. Victor Vroom suggested that the motivation is the product of the valence or the value the individual puts on the possible outcomes of their actions and the expectation that their goals are met. The importance of this theory is the insistence on individuality and makes the variability of the motivating forces. The Expectancy theory states that employee's motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and the belief that the performance will lead to reward (Instrumentality).

Components and Relations of Expectancy Theory

There are three components of the expectancy theory of motivation. They are as follows:

Valence

Valence means the emotional orientations that are embraced by the individuals in accordance to the rewards or outcomes. It is the profundity of the desires of the employees for intrinsic or extrinsic (benefits, free time, promotion and money) rewards. It is the job of the management of the company to find out what is appreciated by the employees.

Instrumentality

Instrumentality is the perceptions of the employees that whether they will attain what they desire if it has been promised by their supervisor. It is the job of the management of the organization that the employees receive their just rewards which have been promised to them in accordance to the performance of the employees (Hiriyappa, 2011).

Expectancy

Expectancy means that the employees of the organization have various confidence levels and expectations regarding their capabilities of doing the tasks. It is the job of the management to discover the needs of the employees are like supervision, training or resources etc.

Application of the Theory in Given Scenario

According to the given scenario, the employees of the organization are not motivated enough. They do not want ...