Gender and Entrepreneurial Success: A Cross-Cultural Exploratory Study of the UK, Nigeria and South Africa

Table of Contents

Background of the Study3

Problem Statement4

Rationale of the Research4

Research Questions5

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW6

Institutional Theory7

Gender Differences in Entrepreneurs' and Business Characteristics8

CHAPTER 03: METHODOLOGY10

Research Methodology10

Sample Selection10

Research Instrument10

References11

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Entrepreneurship is not only an economic phenomenon but also a cultural one. Entrepreneurial action is also a social action. It involves different the use of different symbols and values. Therefore, entrepreneurship approaches can be different among genders (Dolinsky et al, 1993, pp. 54).

According to the symbolic meanings of enterprise, it is pragmatic, shrewd, open-minded, and adventurous. The important features of entrepreneurship include accomplishment, initiative-taking, and risk-management. The features and meanings of an enterprise and entrepreneurship reside in the symbolic domain of male. When transferred to the domain of female, these meanings and features become less certain or uncertain (Coleman, 2000, pp. 37).

According to the cultural ideas about gender and entrepreneurship, men are more committed to business than women. In many parts of the world, men are privileges in terms of their social position. The privileges also exist in terms of successful career and business activities. In many cultures, for example, Nigeria and South Africa, most aspects are of masculine nature. The values, beliefs, and assumptions of the culture are related to the masculine notions. According to the proponents of equal opportunities, there should be similar and equal opportunities for individuals of both genders. The barriers and obstacles that inhibit women from participation in business-related activities should be prohibited.

There are different factors that contribute towards the success or failure of women entrepreneurship. Some of these factors include gender-related motivation, gender networking, and others. Education is also an important factor that determines the success or failure of an entrepreneur.

Problem Statement

The participation of women in entrepreneurship has increased significantly over the last few years. In many developed countries, there are a significant number of women who participate in entrepreneurship. Despite an increase in the participation of women in entrepreneurship, their participation rate is lower than that of men (Dhaliwal, 2000, pp. 207).

Academic interest in female entrepreneurship has been influenced by the assumption and implication of the phenomenon. Entrepreneurship is considered to be the main source of growth and employment. In many parts of the world, women are a readily available source. Therefore, countries can utilise this resources in order to enhance economy.

The behaviour of women in entrepreneurship is also associated with the issue of social equity. According to different scholars and policymakers, women face discrimination when creating and managing enterprises. The increase in the number of female-owned businesses can contribute towards the reduction of social inequalities. The qualities that contribute towards the success or failure of enterprises are different. This study will identify the differences in abilities among men and women to run a successful enterprise.

Rationale of the Research

A significant number of studies have been conducted to study the role of gender in entrepreneurial activities. A large portion of these studies are based on the environment where ...