GENETIC DIVERSITY

Genetic Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Introduction

The genetic human has made ??tremendous progress since the techniques of Genetic Engineering make possible the isolation and study of our genes. Hundreds of inherited diseases have been elucidated, most of the mechanisms by which a cell becomes cancerous and were discovered at the beginning of this century, the full reading of the genome human revealed the three billion letters (bases) of our Heritage hereditary. In recent years, it is possible to compare in detail the DNA of different people: current techniques to assess so fine and detailed genetic differences between individuals and between populations.

Discussion

It is linked to the genetic and functional diversity of gene pools of sub-populations, metapopulations and populations of each taxon. Although not named, she has played for thousands of years an important role in agriculture, animal husbandry, fish farming and forestry, and increasingly for biotechnology and areas using transgenesis or directed selection based on scientific methods in recent decades (Mahoney & Springer, 2009). The market value of these resources and biotechnology poses new questions of governance and ways of sharing benefits of these resources and their conservation, with questions ethnological and environmental ethics specific, eg regarding management and development of seeds increasing the capacity of genetic pollution and profound and sometimes irreversible changes to this heritage by humans.

Inherited characteristics are contained in special parts of the cell, formed by a chain protein complex known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a linear molecule consisting of four nucleotide bases that are combined in many possibilities along the DNA. Each part of the DNA chain with a characteristic arrangement of the four bases, known as gene, which is the smallest unit of heredity (Roughgarden, 2004). Each gene transmits a particular inherited trait (eye color, hair, nose shape, etc.). The DNA is unique double in the same chains when the cell divides. The bacteria generally have a single copy of each of the genes located in a particular part of the DNA.

In most organisms, with sexual reproduction, one copy comes from the mother and one father. In this way the different characteristics of the parents are combined in the offspring, which is not absolutely identical to the parents and these differences are passed to their offspring. DNA chains are subject to change, known as mutations, which occur in various forms (recombination, radiation, etc.). These mutations may be lethal or give rise to characters to adapt to the conditions imposed by the environment (climate, disease resistance, etc.), Giving an advantage to individuals possessing certain characteristics.

Conclusions

The genetic diversity of species is the base material that allows them to respond quickly to changes occurring in the environment. Adapting to these changes may not be suitable and the species has problems that can lead to a path to extinction. This has occurred throughout geological history of Earth and many species have disappeared. If the response is adequate to the changing environment, the species survives and develops special characteristics, which can lead to a new species...