GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR DIABETES

Genetic Engineering for Diabetes

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary4

Introduction5

Diabetes5

Problems Caused by Diabetes circulatory problems6

Eye problems6

Other problems7

Genetic Engineering7

Diabetes mellitus nature of the disease9

Causes9

Diabetes non-insulin-dependent nature of the disease11

Causes11

Genes12

Region genes of phosphoenopyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)12

Gene for glycogen synthase13

Mitochondrial DNA13

Diabetes Treatments13

The former Salaries of all diabetes cases13

Diabetes type 1 only14

Current treatments14

Diabetes type 1 by genetic engineering14

Diabetes type 1, graft15

Diabetes type 216

Treatments proposed of all diabetes cases16

Diabetes type 1 only by genetic engineering17

Diabetes type 1 only, graft18

Conclusion19

Expectations for the future19

Ethical Problems19

Negative Aspects of Genetic Engineering19

Positive aspects of Genetic Engineering20

Our view21

References22

Executive Summary

This paper is discussing the cost of genetic engineering for the diabetic patients. It has defined what diabetes is, and how it relates to genetic engineering. It has defined the problems caused by diabetes, treatments of the diabetic patients through insulin and genetic engineering. It has also describes the ethical problems regarding the use of genetic engineering; its negative and positive aspects and its future framework.

Introduction

This paper is going to discuss about the cost of genetic engineering for diabetes. Focus is on, what the problems are facing by the diabetic patients regarding genetic engineering.

Diabetes

Diabetes, one of the most famous endocrine diseases (that is to say, having to do with hormones), is ravaging the world. Today, more than 100 million humans are infected.

At first sight, diabetes, characterized by an abnormally high blood glucose (more than 1 [g / l]), may seem benign disease. However, it appears that it has many complications, both in blood vessels (whether large or small) as nerves and eyes. Without treatment, it is up to reduce the life expectancy of patients. (Bruce, 2004)

Problems Caused by Diabetes circulatory problems

Diabetes stimulates the deposition of cholesterol on artery walls, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. 

Eye problems

By damaging the capillaries, diabetes causes a retinal disease called retinopathy, which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized countries.

Moreover, it can also cause glaucoma, eye disease that damages the optic nerve. 

Other problems

Diabetes also leads to chronic renal failure and educates patients to oral infections, skin and gynecological. 

Genetic Engineering

The mass media are therefore needed to eradicate diabetes the globe. Genetic engineering could happen at the end of many diseases, including the one we want.

"Genetic engineering is a technology that facilitates the understanding of the laws governing the development of living beings and perhaps will contribute to their mastery. It leads to applications affecting areas as diverse as environment, agriculture, diet and health."

This is a set of techniques that allows

identify

isolate

transfer

change in a controlled manner equipment

The technology does not fall from the sky, it is a science born of long development of biology and rooted on a several centuries, the discovery of micro-organisms using microscopes to the top molecular biology.

In 1868 Friderich Miescher discovered DNA. In 1953, Watson and Crick elucidated the structure and established the model of the double helix. The year 1961 marks the discovery of the genetic code that led to understand that the plain language of DNA is the building plan of the living organism. End nucleases (enzymes used by bacteria to degrade the DNA ...