GnRH Agonists

The Use of GnRH Agonists to Suppress Ovarian Function in Females

Table of Contents

Introduction1

Discussion2

Reproductive Function in Females and Ovarian Follicular Waves3

Pre-pubertal Phase4

The Formation of Antral Follicle5

Reasons for Suppressing Fertility in Female5

Endocrine Disruption7

Organic Causes7

Inflammation7

Congenital Malformations7

Methods and Techniques Used to Suppress Fertility in Female8

Short-term and Long-term Suppression of Fertility9

GnRH Agonists11

Mechanism of Action in Suppressing Reproduction in Females11

The Use of GnRH Agonists to Suppress Fertility as an Alternative to Surgical Methods12

The Use the GnRH Agonists to Suppress Fertility in Female Cattle14

The Process15

Methods to Evaluate Ovarian Function in Cattle17

Conclusion19

References21

The Use of GnRH Agonists to Suppress Ovarian Function in Females

Introduction

Hormones are produced artificially by GnRH for the prevention of estrogens to formulate by secretion of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle hormone) from the pituitary gland (hypophysis). Production of estrogen is dependent on these hormones that make the “oocyte”0 in the ovaries mature. However, LH and FSH hormones are no more produced by the pituitary gland since GnRH analogues have been used. Additionally, anomalies of the functions are also associated with the ovaries. Assistance is also provided by this process which helps in the maturation of the oocyte and estrogen production does not occur. Growth inhibitory in vitro experiments affects GnRH analogues that also explain the presence of certain GnRH receptors. GnRH is being used since 1990 and many women have already been treated with it. However, some of the side effects of this include nausea, vomiting and hair loss during the time in which treatment takes place. A vital role in controlling fertility is played by GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. The hormones that release “Gonadotrophin” secrete GnRH to a vascular system (Adams, et.al 1990, pp. 2973).

After this, pituitary gonadotrophes are stimulated and they secrete gonadotrophins that further stimulate ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation. This hormone disperses all over the forebrain. However, body cells are found in the medial preoptic after which axon terminals extend into the median eminence (ME) and here they meet the portal capillaries. With regards to nonsurgical technology, an important issue for replacement is the count of the cows and heifers that have already received treatment using this technology. This also gives an overview of the success rate of this technology and tells whether it can be used for humans or not. Issues of morbidity and mortality also have relevance because they are linked with spaying. It is also said that a technology would replace spaying in the northern part of Australia. However, it is expected to be effective for a year or two. If it occurs for two years, female cattle can be kept for a long time period even if seasonal conditions are not favorable for growth and the condition of their bodies (Baird 2007, pp. 706).

Discussion

This technology would further provide with management options for various sectors in the beef industry and would also be helpful for those sectors that are currently not using spaying. However, this can be hard to quantify.

For precocious puberty, early pregnancies in heifers should be ...