History of Hungary

Introduction

Hungary throughout its history until the last third of the nineteenth century was an agricultural country. 90% of the population lived on agriculture and the countryside.

Despite this fact, began the slow modernization of society and just within the agricultural sector. After the Napoleonic Wars began exports of agricultural products and the industry sought new production structures. We noted that Hungary was the nobility that began to spread liberal ideas of market economy and constitutional state. Because the layer of the nobility was a large 5 or 6% of the total population had political rights and positions of significant power. Following the spread of liberalism in the lower house National Assembly came a political movement-liberal opposition had a majority (Bekes, Pp 45).

Discussion

The first great representative of this political line was Count Istvan Szechenyi, scion of a wealthy and powerful aristocratic family. Szechenyi outlined his program for the conversion of Hungary to the English way, through books and pamphlets. It was one of the leading figures of parliamentary life, he founded several associations in 1825 founded the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, conducted a number of practical initiatives, encouraged the building of railways, the regulation of the rivers Danube and Tisza. Furthermore his contemporaries called him deservedly, "Hungarian outstanding." (Gati, Pp 78)

Hungarian liberalism was developed on the basis of ideology, a mass movement, thanks to the work of Baron, a descendant of a notable aristocratic family from Transylvania, Wesselenyi Mimas, a contemporary of Count Szechenyi above. Wesselenyi recognized that modern constitutionality cannot be established with gentle persuasion and exemplary actions. Stirring among the nobility of the province, founded protest movements, organized efforts to influence delegates to the National Assembly, developed specific programs and created a club-party National Assembly.

The work of organization to become a liberal opposition party was met by Lajos Kossuth. The newspaper published a manuscript on the National Assembly, then from 1841 as editor of the newspaper Pesti Hirlap (Pest Gazette), was the first to create modern political journalism in the Habsburg Empire. Recognized and emphasized that if not done for the immediate release of the bond, can cause social upheaval (Izsak, Pp 23).

The reform movement had little success before 1848, due to resistance from conservatives and center Hungarian Empire, Vienna. We highlight in this area warrant authorizing voluntary eternal (1840), the abolition of Latin as the language of the State (1844), was the last place in Europe, and the introduction of Hungarian as the language of state administration.

The wave of European revolutions of 1848 offered a unique opportunity to implement immediate, legal, reform efforts. In April 1848, the National Assembly of the Hungarian State, which coincidentally sessions together since late 1847, achieved the goal of modernizing Hungary, which has been called "legal revolution", i.e. laws ratified by the king(Lomax, Pp 52).

It proclaimed the liberation of the serfs and equality before the law for all citizens. And political freedom prevailed rather than the Assembly of States and Transylvanian Hungarian National Assembly was established unified popular representation. The new ...