Hybrid-Electric Vehicles

Hybrid-Electric Vehicles

Introduction

Hybrid electric vehicles are nowadays quite popular, that's why I have chosen this as my research project. Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by a combination of combustion engine and electric motor together with battery. Basic energy source is the fuel and the combustion engine takes over, often the main driving work, while the electric motor in the first rule of the support of the combustor in the inefficient states (partial load) and the recovery of braking energy is used (Peterson, 2010). The coupling of the two systems in a vehicle may take place in three different ways: a Serial hybrid is only the electric motor for propelling charge. The internal combustion engine produced by a generator current that is either directly supplied to the electric motor, or temporarily stored in a battery. In contrast, in a parallel hybrids are both responsible for the propulsion engines and, depending on the operating condition of the vehicle, to varying degrees used to drive up to the sole use of one of the two engines. Combinations of hybrid and power-split hybrids combine the serial and parallels operation mode depending on the driving conditions to achieve even greater efficiency of the overall system.

Technological Innovations

In hybrid type series an electric generator supplies power to the traction motor and, in driving at reduced power can also recharge the batteries while the batteries integrate the generator, in electrical parallel, when cues are required power. The generator operates in semi-stationary regime, brought about by the integration of power supply from the batteries. Emissions and fuel consumption are very low, because the design of the drive system is optimized for average conditions of operation corresponding to the mission of the vehicle. In hybrid parallel type the heat engine, a little bit smaller than that of a conventional vehicle, normally remains connected to the transmission, then turning speed and torque variables. An electric car, also connected to the transmission, occurs when expected and recovers energy during braking, completing charging the battery running (Chan, 2002).

The hybridization is a technology now very widespread at least in its declination minimum, which allows only the start-and-stop. This is the so-called micro-hybrid, which becomes minimum if there is also the integration function of the heat engine in recovery.

For my research, I have chosen to research on technological specification and improvement in the efficiency of hybrid electrical vehicles which are nowadays very popular as they are considered environment friendly.

Literature Review

The vision of the hybrid application was accompanied by the automotive industry for decades. The use of this type of drive required a lot of new technology and overcome many problems, among which perhaps the biggest was the high price. The first company, which has produced mass-produced hybrid car, is a Toyota, which in 1997 introduced the first generation Prius. Today we can say that the car ahead of his time. The car did not sell in large quantities, but for such an unusual vehicle in those days, and so the sale was a ...