JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

Job Safety Analysis

Job Safety Analysis

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is derived from the following thoughts:

That a precise job or work task can be divided into a series of comparatively simple steps.

That dangers linked with each step can be recognized.

That answers can be developed to control each hazard.

Job safety analysis is a relatively simple process that involves the following four basic steps:

Control each hazard.

Identify the hazards associated with each step.

Select the job to be analyzed. In performing JSA, the term "job" is used to describe a single task or process workers do as part of their profession; it is a separate performance or definite sequence of steps that cause the conclusion of a work goal.

Separate the job into its basic steps.

Overall world estimates suggest that approximately 100 million work injuries, 100,000 of which are fatal, occur each year. Because 85 to 90% of accidents involve a combination of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, it is evident that human behavior is at the core of occupational safety. This suggests a significant role for psychology in terms of explanatory models and alleviation practices. Theoretical explanations and corresponding interventions can be grouped by level of analysis, stemming from the fact that behavior in organizations is influenced by individual-, group-, and organization-level factors and that a comprehensive description requires cross-level integration.

The best individual-level interventions are based on the complementary paradigms of human factors engineering and behavior modification. Human factors/ergonomics interventions are based on the premise that errors and accidents arise from various types of person-job misfits where job demands exceed operators' (mental or physical) capacity. Using job-analytic techniques, key misfits are identified, leading to job redesign and better human-machine interface where the likelihood of error or overload is reduced. Behavior modification approaches combine safety training and behavior modification. The effect size nearly doubles when training is combined with behavior modification in comparison with training alone, safety behavior modification, also known as behavior-based safety (BBS), is an industrial/organizational application of clinical and educational behavior modification programs stemming from Skinner's reinforcement principles. BBS interventions modify the subjective expected utility or valence of safe behavior by offering rewards whose frequency and immediacy enlist the melioration and recency effects in favor of safe behavior. BBS interventions typically employ publicly displayed charts of the frequency (percentage) of focal safety behaviors in comparison with designated targets. Data are based on daily or ...