Negative Consequences of X-rays on the patients of Orthopaedic

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this chance for thanking my research facilitator, friends and family for the support they provided me and their belief in me, as well as the guidance that they provided me, without which I would have never been able to do this research.

DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this proposal stand for my individual work without any aid, and this proposal has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level, previously. It is also representing my very own views and not essentially those that are associated with university.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION5

Title5

Rationale5

Background5

Relevance8

Aims and Objectives9

Evidence9

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY10

The Research Process10

Research Design11

Research Strategy11

Search Strategy13

Types of research evidence to be included in the search & review13

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria13

Study selection criteria15

Sample design16

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research Design16

How the quality of the evidence will be assessed and reviewed17

Data Extraction strategy18

Consideration of Rigour18

Consideration of Ethics18

Data Analysis19

CHAPTER 3: CONLUSION20

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Title

Negative Consequences of X-rays on the patients of Orthopaedic

Rationale

A common instrument employed in Orthopaedic surgery is X-rays. The application of x-rays in treatment purposes is not limited only to orthopaedic surgeries but its extended to numerous other surgeries. In fact, the development in equipment technology which is used in various treatments is also employing X-rays technology more than ever before. It has proved to be an important aid in many kinds of surgery. On the other hand, several studies have argued that repetitive use of X-rays for orthopaedic surgeries are detrimental for the human body. In view of the above rationale, this research will be based on the negative consequences that X-rays may have on the patients of Orthopaedics.

Background

Orthopedics

Orthopedics' ais aa amedical aspecialty athat afocuses aon athe adiagnosis, acare, aand atreatment aof apatients awith adisorders aof athe abones, ajoints, amuscles, aligaments, atendons, anerves, aand askin. aThese aelements amake aup athe amusculoskeletal asystem. aThe aphysicians awho aspecialize ain athis aarea aare acalled aorthopedic asurgeons aor aorthopedic asurgeons.

Orthopedic asurgeons aare ainvolved ain aall aaspects aof aheath acare apertaining ato athe amusculoskeletal asystem. aThey ause amedical, aphysical, aand arehabilitative amethods aas awell aas asurgery. aTypically, aas amuch aas a50 apercent aof athe aorthopedics asurgeon's apractice ais adevoted ato ano asurgical aor amedical amanagement aof ainjuries aor adisease aand a50 apercent ato asurgical amanagement. aSurgery amay abe aneeded ato arestore afunction alost aas aa aresult aof ainjury aor adisease aof abones, ajoint, amuscles, atendons, aligaments, anerves, aor askin.

The aorthopedic asurgeon aalso aworks aclosely awith aother ahealth acare aprofessionals aand aoften aserves aas aa aconsultant ato aother aphysicians. aOrthopedic asurgeons aplay aan aimportant arole ain athe aorganization aand adelivery aof aemergency acare. aThey aare amembers aof athe ateams athat amanage acomplex, amulti-system atrauma. aOrthopedics ais aa aspecialty aof aimmense abreadth aand avariety. aOrthopedic asurgeons atreat aa awide avariety aof adiseases aand aconditions, aincluding

fractures aand adislocations

torn aligaments, asprains, aand astrains

tendon ainjuries, apulled amuscles, aand abursitis

ruptured adisks, asciatica, alow aback apain, aand ascoliosis

knock aknees, abow ...