New Testament II



New Testament II

Question 1

Mediterranean culture

Mediterranean is the meeting place of birth and the majority of human civilizations, religions and cultures. By the Mediterranean has always gravitated, and some neighboring habitats. The uniqueness of the giant space at the junction of three continents - Europe, Asia and Africa - contributed to the formation of this very peculiar sotsioistoricheskoy and ethno-cultural situation. Historical information, data archeology, ethnography and anthropology suggest a rare variety of ethnicities, religions, races, cultures, socio-economic-political and economic forms of life, successive Mediterranean basin and the related Black Sea. Therefore, a prominent part in the processes of Mediterranean Europe and the Caucasus is identified. Thus, a rich and multicolored itself ethno-cultural mosaic of the Mediterranean is becoming more diverse due to the exceptional strength of the attraction of this unique region, drawing in neighboring countries and peoples in the political, economic and civilizational processes have always differed in the Mediterranean area of ??exceptional intensity (Hayes & Carl, 2007).

The explanation for this is not only in extremely favorable climatic and natural and geographical conditions of the Mediterranean, but also in the unique features of interethnic and intercultural communication. Since ancient times, people are much less afraid of water than the dead deserts, mountains of insurmountable and impassable thickets of forests, swarming predators. The Mediterranean has become the world's only habitat in which each ethnic group and every culture is not able to communicate with one or two or three neighbors, and soon dozens of other ethnicities and cultures. Of course, this communication is not always the case ended in a peaceful and often destructive war. Nevertheless, it is very comprehensive progress contributed to the peoples of the region, the development of competition between them, the interpenetration of language and customs and exchange of economic, political and cultural experiences.

The peculiar culture in a collision with a stronger opponent rarely disappears completely. It is very significant that it is world-renowned expert on the history of the Mediterranean Braudel opened factor "resistance resistance of cultures", which, in spite of all attempts to eliminate them, come again, trying hard to survive. In the east Mediterranean cultural area of ??education emerged earlier than in Europe, firmly rooted, and therefore were more vitality. Byzantines completed the destruction of the main part of the ancient Egyptian heritage (mostly under the banner of eliminating the ancient Egyptian religion, Christianity, resisted).

Thus, the civilization of ancient Egypt resisted more than two millennia, during which the country has only eight times fell under foreign yoke, but gradually assimilated in its territory to other ethnic populations (slaves, nomads, mercenaries and forcibly resettled the inhabitants of the conquered regions), as well as intensive interacted with neighboring regions. Thus, the region of Nubia, Libya, Syria, Palestine, continually found themselves under the authority of either Egypt or the objects of its expansion. The Egyptians learned a lot of others, and learned a lot ourselves. Their culture, like other peoples of the Mediterranean culture, created and developed under foreign influences (Soulen, ...