NURSING

Nursing Theories and Models



Nursing Theories and Models

Introduction

Nursing theories can best be described and understood by interacting theories with models. To illustrate Nursing theories consider a model case of Mr. Johnson. He is a 61 year old male patient who was admitted second time this month to Cardiac Telemetry Unit of a hospital. He was brought to Emergency Department with complains of chest pain on scale of 10/10, Shortness of Breath (SOB) and pain in his jaw. His symptoms where the same when he was admitted a month ago. This time his blood work and Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes confirmed that he was having Non-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). He had two elevated Troponin level results and his ECG showed ST elevations. In Emergency Department Mr. Johnson was told that he is having a heart attack and he needs an emergency catheterization. Emergency Department staffs gave him a dose of Morphine and Nitro, and send him up to the Telemetry unit to be worked up for NSTEMI and wait for his Cardiac Catherization. On admission to my unit, I assessed Mr. Johnson. He was holding his chest and grimacing, he verbalized that he still having chest pain and no one in E.D asked if the medication worked, nor reassessed his pain level. These Model details would enable further discussion of nursing theories. In the last part of this Assignment, this model case would be compared and contrasted with the Grand theory of nursing.

Grand Nursing Theory

Grand nursing theory or macro theory consists of a conceptual framework that defines global perspectives for the practical policy and ways of seeing the phenomena of nursing. Examples of such theory are: Orlando in its “dynamic nurse-patient relationships” (1961); Weidenback with “Clinical Nursing: an art of help” (1954), focused on defining concepts centered to the nurse-patient, Weidenback in the “Needs help” different from the needs of patients, this distinguished deliberate actions roads of nurses in the routine. The purpose of grand theory is to explain how man interacts with his environment, describing man in irreducible energy fields, belonging to each other and evolving as the fields can be affected by variety of factors, creating interactive man in a unitary or unified whole. Understanding of this concept by paramedics in turn influences the health of the client, and also of their families and their perceptions, in addition to influencing them with professionalism as loved humans for the provision of care to client. The futuristic and realistic application of this innovative theory opens the door to the acquisition of new knowledge, which when applied gives us a different view, private and broader concept of man and environment, based on a diversity of disciplines. It has been used in combination with supplementary therapies and therapeutic Oriental. This contribution, of seeing patients as unitary human beings with constant interaction with their environment, makes this theory unique and special over many other theories, opening doors to a new vision of the nurse-patient relationship (Basavanthappa, ...