PHOTOGRAPHY

Photography

Photography

Introduction:

Joseph-Nicephore (1765-1833) was the first to get a picture set. This happened in 1826/27 when he managed to establish a permanent image of the courtyard of his house. To make this photograph used a pewter plate coated with bitumen of Judea, exposing the plate to light with the image invisible varnish parties affected by light became insoluble or soluble, depending on the light received. (Hirsch, 1999)

It all started when Niepce began a series of experiments with the hope to replace the faltering stroke of his hand. He looked for substances that could be colored or decomposed by light and found that the muriate of silver ennegrese contact with air.

Nicéphore in 1816 using the camera obscura, with minimum lens diameter and filled with a perforated cardboard disc found that the order of the shadows and the light was reversed.

To find a substance that whitened under the action of light tested various protective varnishes and noted that bitumen was not used. When dissolved in mineral oil or animal Nippel obtained very satisfactory results.

Advancement Invention:

The two phenomena needed to obtain photographic images had long been known for certain. Since Aristotle, we knew the reality set in box, simply drill a "small pinhole in a dark room to see a mirror image in the white box. On the other hand, the alchemists knew that the light blackened silver chloride. Jacques Charles in 1780, better known for his invention of the balloon inflated with hydrogen, managed to freeze, but so fleeting, a figure obtained by the process of the darkroom on paper soaked in silver chloride. Thomas Wedgwood (1771-1805) made similar experiments with silver nitrate; he published a memoir in 1802. For his part John Herschel in 1819 describes the properties of sodium thio-sulfate, which will become the fixer. (Newhall, 1992)

Joseph Nicephore Niepce, the inventor of Chalon-sur-Saone, combines these three methods to attach images (medium quality) on plates of pewter coated with bitumen of Judea, a kind of natural tar that has the property of hardening in light, the first photograph represents a wing of his property in Saint-Loup-de-Varennes. This view is visible at the University of Texas at Austin since Helmut Gernsheim donated to that institution in 1963. If you look good image, note the special lighting. Indeed, the exposure lasted many hours (estimated lying between 14 and 18 hours); the sun has lit the right wall and then the left one later in the day.

Nikephoros died in 1833 and Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre continued process improvement. By discovering the principle of developing the latent image, Daguerre found a way to shorten the exposure time to a few tens of minutes. In 1839, he promoted his invention with the scientist and member François Arago, who gave him his support. (Barthes, 2001)

Thus, the conventional date of the invention of photography is 1839, the date of the presentation by Arago at the Academy of Sciences of the "invention" of Daguerre, the daguerreotype. It's actually an improvement from the invention of ...