POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

Political Development

Political Development



Introduction

The topic is regarding the political economy of development. The aim will be to discuss the the current empirical reality, theory, concepts, history, and current governance and policy problems of development, poverty, and inequality including aid, financing and debt, trade, migration, and HIV/AIDS. The main focus would be on poverty and development in African countries.

Poverty and Development in Africa

Africa, a continent with one of the most disturbing and complex record of the development is still in the limelight of world politics necessary to the policy for economic exchange and means of livelihood in most of the 54 states and the adjacent islands of the region (Clinard, 2005, 10).

Problem Statement

Poverty and development is really difficult. In some areas of extreme poverty are declining. In other areas it is too. In sub-Saharan Africa, where the number of people living in extreme poverty doubled in the last 20 years, has more than 400 million of 165 million. Reasons for the marked increase in the high fertility, drought and other environmental conditions, the poor harvests are due to the increased rate of poverty.

Rationale of the Study

Various strategies have been developed to achieve poverty reduction. In particular, they reflect differences of opinion, which is poverty. Since the problem is often defined dictates the type of strategy developed. The dominant theoretical approach to reducing poverty in recent decades, the neoliberal strategy. This reflects a shift in the dominant economic thinking of the leading countries of the West in the early 1980s. According to the neoliberal model, the poverty reduction through the achievement of high economic growth is achieved. It should argued that how economic growth by maximizing the market to work freely as possible, with minimal government intervention. For developing countries this means an approach to the export growth centered. He argued that there is a strong correlation between economic growth and poverty reduction, and that the benefits of this growth will trickle down to the poorest members of society. In fact, the maximum growth of the global economy argued the best way to solve the problem of poverty in the world (Findlay, 2006: 24).

HDI index was developed by the United Nations (UN) was developed to distinguish and compare the relative economic and social well-being of the country. HDI Annual reports are published to provide the comparative economic status of the nation and the comparative value of the significant socio-economic indicators such as mortality, education, health statistics and income. Countries with HDI measure includes more than 0.8 for the group of developed countries, and with measurements below 0.8 are designated as underdeveloped. Low HDI is estimated that a low per capita incomes, relatively poor infrastructure (including transport and telecommunications), high mortality and low education and employment. In 2005, the HDI report that most countries with low HDI currently in Africa (Arthur, 2006: 49-51).

Significance of the Study

This study is important because of the fact that currently the extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, 47 percent of the population below $ 1 a ...