SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING

Social and Environmental Accounting and Corporate Governance in Oil and Gas Sector

Table of Contents

CHAPTER NO 1: INTRODUCTION3

Statement of the Problem3

Research Questions3

CHAPTER NO 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4

Corporate Social Responsibility and Public Relations4

CHAPTER NO 3: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY6

Data Sources and Research Limitations6

Research Instruments6

Data Types6

CHAPTER NO 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION9

Data Analysis9

Conclusion9

CHAPTER NO 1: INTRODUCTION

Statement of the Problem

The study is related social and environmental accounting, and corporate governance which particularly focuses on the oil and gas sector. The research study also focuses on the accountability and sustainability in the oil and gas sector. These factors are important to study as the social and environmental accounting is a form of accounting for businesses to consider their behavior in social matters, especially with regard to labor law, and on the environment and sustainable development. Interest in it has grown with globalization and the increased importance of multinationals, relocating part of their production to countries with a sometimes inefficient legal system of protection of human rights.

Research Questions

Following are the research questions that are to be studied in this paper:

To identify whether the organisations in the oil and gas sector have been fulfilling their corporate social responsibility, by protecting the society from the hazards of their production processes.

To identify whether the organisations in the oil and gas sector have been contributing to global warming.

To identify whether the health of the labour employed at the organisation is being affected by the hazards of the production processes.

To identify whether the organisations of the oil and gas sector have taken any measure to protect the employees from these hazards.

CHAPTER NO 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Corporate Social Responsibility and Public Relations

Social accounting is one of the tools implemented to take into account the corporate social responsibility (CSR). Taking into account criteria other than financial institution balance sheets of these focuses on improving the image of brand of the company, both for commercial and political. It is therefore a form of public relations, integrated to meet the expectations of consumers and shareholders concerned about the production methods used in the manufacture of the product purchased (Unerman and Bebbington, 2007, 14-37). Moreover, from 2011, the statements published by the European System of Accounts national, previously based on the gross domestic product, the gross national product, the gross national income, the net national income and gross expenditure, Europe is setting up a first integrated environmental accounting to its economic accounts that will integrate air emissions, environmental taxes collected (on the energy, the transportation, the pollution and consumption of resources ) and the flow of materials (solids, liquids and gases except air and water). Settlement produced a common framework for collection, preparation, transmission and evaluation of the economic accounts of the European environment, with a delay of up to two years left to Member States to transmit their data.

In 2013, other indicators may be proposed by the Commission (income and expenditure on goods and environmental and ecosystem services, protection of the environment, natural resources or energy. Some transfers (of kind grants related to the ...