Synthesis of Research Problem, Method, and Design



Synthesis of Research Problem, Method, and Design

Quantitative Research

Quantitative research follow the positivist tradition of research, there is an 'objective, associated with an external world that exists independently with human perception, which is amenable to quantitative measurement'. For the positivist there is a single truth that can be discovered by scientific investigation. To this end positivism is used in the quantitative method to collect numerical data, facts and universal laws to conduct research. This method is associated with the field of natural science and can be experimented on it as if in a laboratory to give the same outcome each time the researcher remains completely objective and free from bias and prejudice and therefore cannot influence the outcome of the research (Zikmund 2010). The aim is to develop reliable 'hard facts' about society that are immutable, and can be used for a variety of purposes including policy making by governments and businesses.

Qualitative Research

Qualitative research seeks to describe social phenomena and behavior; it follows the epistemological position of interpretive. This position requires social scientist to understand the subjective realities of social interaction.

Mixed Methodology

This Paper has discussed quantitative and qualitative methodologies as separate paradigms that are used for different research purposes and cannot be mixed. This has been the view point of the social science research community until recently.

Earning Management

The concept of earnings management describes a particular information in the financial accounting, it takes decades attention. While initially only a few sections deal with the phenomenon continued, taking the interest and culminated with the discovery that steadily deal this subject reaching financial scandals around the turn of the millennium. I have analyzed the concept of Enron, as earning management concept still belongs to the collapse of Enron at the most and is named in permanent memory. Attempting the term delineate the exact earnings management fails miserably as a general Definition is missing. This confusion about the facts leads to the consequences that is not only described differently, but result in different pre- outputs. The presence of earnings management is possible in many different ways. Because, all balance sheet and income statement in their precipitation define proof of success of the company, in this regard question arises that how can all accounts used to take through manipulation to influence the end result. This is one reason, why the evidence of earnings management designed so difficult (Crowther 2012). Additionally, it complicates possible distinction between intentional interference and Accidental misinterpretation of the facts, distorting the operation of earning management. This is ultimately the reason that variety of studies has provided no evidence of comprehensive that could address outstanding issues for the optimal design of the standards.

Research Problem

How earning management can help in smoothing down an incentive for managers how does role of accounting choice affects the compensation plan, incentive system and political process of an organization. How earning management can formulate budget and plan for subsequent income periods, and as an aid in making capital decisions.

Hypothesis

H1: Role of accounting choices for planning management compensation, this includes regular salaries ...