THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The Musculoskeletal System

Abstract

In this study, we try to evaluate the concept of Musculoskeletal System in a holistic context. The paper tries to analyze the musculoskeletal system and also analyzes the diseases related to it. Later on, the paper identifies the causes of occupational diseases of musculoskeletal system, and also discusses a research on it. The paper has also presented the future directions on the research of Musculoskeletal System regarding occupational injuries.

The Musculoskeletal System

Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders include a large number of disorders of muscles, tendons, nerves or joints that can occur anywhere on the body, although the most common are those that affect the neck, back and upper extremities. There are many conditions that affect the child's musculoskeletal system that require clinical care by a physician or other health care.

The human body is composed of more than 600 muscles and 200 bones and bone tissues. The muscles are usually attached to bones and joints. The bones have roles to protect, sustain and support the different body parts. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons and when they are making a contract and cause bone movement. In addition, blood cells are produced in red bone marrow of certain bones long.

Muscles have a great capacity to adapt, changed more than any other organ both content and form. In severe atrophy, they can be re-strengthened in a short time. When immobilized in shortened position, after a short time adapts to its new length-based training requiring stretching back to its original length, even if left stretched a time, you can joint instability by laxity adopted. In the endplate (neuromuscular junction or synapse) releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH), this neurotransmitter acts on the sarcolemmal opening channels that allow indiscriminately, the passage of sodium and potassium. The electrochemical gradient allows more sodium ion entry, entering them in large numbers, an action potential, since the fiber cell membrane is rich in sodium channel voltage-dependent, stimulating the muscle fiber. The whole peripheral nerve cortical nerve-innervated muscle fiber is called a motor unit.

The action potential originated in the sarcolemma, produces a depolarization. This depolarization reaches into the cell, specifically in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, that causes the release of ions calcium previously accumulated in this and in the terminal cisternae. Ion secretion calcium reaches the actin-myosin complex, which makes these proteins to bind and rotate on themselves causing a shortening, later, the ions calcium may return to the ...