How the principles of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) have been strategically applied in order to attract small retail businesses in Metropolitan Perth: A Case Study of Town Of Claremont

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW3

3.1 New urbanism and the market3

3.2 Transit Oriented Development context in Perth7

3.3 Transit Oriented Development Framework9

3.4 Potential benefits of TOD implementation10

3.5 Overview of the retail sector in Australia13

3.6 TOD strategies for the retail sector15

3.7 Measuring indicators of TOD to support the retail sector18

3.8 Literature Review Findings19

REFERENCES21

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Metropolitan areas in the Australia have become victims of uncontrolled freeway development that has led to the emergence of the urban horizontal agglomeration. These urban horizontal agglomerations are the results of uncontrolled patters of land-use development, which is popularly, know as sprawl, within these metropolitan areas, transit authorities and the private sector are partnerships in attempt to develop innovative strategies to combat Urban Sprawl. One such strategy is known as TOD or Transit Oriented Development. It is the process of creating new development along new and existing transit corridors in attempt to promote mixed-use development and density in the built environment or existing older urban neighbourhoods that has public transit. Transit Oriented Development also refers to pedestrian-friendly land development activities that are built within easy walking distance of a major transit station. This thesis will examine TOD by providing clear definitions of what constitutes TOD.

This chapter presents a literature review regarding the principles of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) that have been strategically applied in order to attract small retail businesses in Metropolitan Perth. It discusses the background and fundamentals of the topic in great detail.

3.1 New urbanism and the market

Neo-traditional planning began in the early 1980's with the idea that sprawl is not the only way to develop land, and quickly became known as ?New Urbanism. New Urbanism was formalized in the late 1980's as an alternative response to sprawl (Grant 2006, 55). ?By and large, [New Urbanists] recognize[d] the inefficiency of twentieth century suburban patterns (Grant 2006, 45).

The ideas of New Urbanism are a ?revival of principles of building [neighbourhoods] that have been virtually ignored for half a century (Bressi 1994, xxv). At the same time, Katz (1994) asserts that these ideas are not just a nostalgic revival, but instead heavily ?borrow [from] traditional city planning concepts. The emphasis on tradition rather than nostalgia is key because nostalgia ?seeks security [from] past forms without inherent principles whereas ?tradition evolves with time and place while still holding strong to certain formal, cultural, and personal principles (Calthorpe 1993, 23).

The theories of New Urbanism attempt to reconnect the physically designed environment with the social environment through design standards such as street patterns that connect residential dwellings with commercial uses and allow one to easily access various elements of the neighbourhood. In other words, these theories provide a choice among the sprawl dominated landscape to developers, to home buyers, as well as to urban planners that an alternative development patterns is possible (Duany ...