The use of cervical cancer screening guidelines among incarcerated women

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to expand the boundaries of the author's knowledge by exploring some relevant facts related to the use of cervical cancer screening guidelines among incarcerated women. In this paper, the author will examine the prevalence of cervical cancer among incarcerated women around different regions of the world. Afterwards, the author will evaluate the results before and after conducting Pap test among incarcerated women. Finally, based on the statistics of the test, the author will interpret the benefits of using cervical cancer screening guidelines among incarcerated women

The use of cervical cancer screening guidelines among incarcerated women

Introduction

Cancer, defined as a range of diseases characterized by the proliferation of abnormal cells that spread beyond their usual boundaries, is the third largest killer of women after heart attacks and strokes. The change in one single cell that may initiate a cancer may stem from inherited genetic factors, external agents, or some combination of both. Cancer cells may also metastasize, that is to say, invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. Metastases are the major cause of death from cancer.

Rates of cancer are estimated to be 30 percent to 50 percent higher among men than among women, a difference largely attributable to the higher rates of lung cancer among men. While lung (1.3 million deaths/year), stomach (803,000 deaths), liver (610,000 deaths), colorectal (639,000 deaths), and breast cancer (519,000 deaths) cause the most cancer deaths each year worldwide, rates differ greatly when it comes to the most frequent types of cancers found in men and women. Among men, global deaths from lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, esophagus, and prostate cancer are the most frequent; breast, lung, stomach, colorectal, and cervical cancers predominate among women. In this paper the author will examine the different aspects of using of cervical cancer screening guidelines among incarcerated women.

Literature review

The types of cancer for which screening has been demonstrated to be most effective include breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. Yearly mammograms are effective in early detection of breast cancer for women of appropriate age; there is disagreement about when screening should begin, but many suggest that mammograms should be done every 1 to 2 years for women over age 40 and that they are generally not needed for women under the age of 40 unless there is significant risk or symptoms. Some research findings have suggested that mam-mograms are most effective for women over age 50. Papanicolaou (Pap) smears for women 21 years or older or who are younger and sexually active are effective in early detection of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening rates are generally high because of the efforts of public education campaigns, the routine nature of the test in many women's annual gynecological exams, and the level of knowledge of female patients and their health care providers about cervical cancer. Colorectal cancer can be detected early, and death rates can be reduced through fecal occult blood tests and sigmoi-doscopy ...