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Addison's disease

Introduction

Addison's disease is a hormonal disorder or very uncommon endocrine that affects only one in million people. It can happen in all age groups and can cause problems in men and women equally. The disorder is recognized by fatigue, unexpected loss in weight, weakness of muscles, low blood pressure, and also by darkening of the skin or patches in both unexposed and exposed body parts. Addison's disease usually happens when the sufficient hormone cortisol and the hormone aldosterone are not produced by adrenal glands. This is the main reason the disease sometimes is also called hypocortisolism or chronic adrenal insufficiency (Ross, pp. 67-92).

Discussion

Background knowledge

Adrenal glands mainly produces cortisol, these glands are positioned just before the kidneys. Class to which these hormones belong is called glucocorticoids. Cortisol has affected on almost every organ of the body. Medicine researchers and doctors concluded that it has nearly hundreds of affect in the human body (Marzejon, pp. 34-78). Cortisol crucial task is to assist the human body reaction towards stress. Along with additional essential functions, Cortisol aids to stable the effects of insulin such as for energy segmentation of sugar (endocrine.niddk.nih.gov). It assists to maintain cardiovascular process and blood pressure. It assists to slowdown inflammatory response of the immune system. Furthermore, regulates the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins (endocrine.niddk.nih.gov). As Cortisol is so essential to health, it is produced in precisely balance amount by adrenals. Similar like many other hormones, brains hypothalamus and the bean sized organ in the brain called the pituitary gland regulates Cortisol. Initially releasing hormones are sent to the pituitary gland by hypothalamus. The pituitary reacts by producing further hormones that regulate growth, estrogen and testosterone which are sex hormones, adrenal and thyroid function (Baker & White, pp. 56-87). The pituitary's vital role is to produce ACTH (adrenocorticotrophin); the adrenal glands are stimulated by this hormone. Cortisol is produced when the in the form of ACTH, pituitary signals are received by the adrenals. Then the secretion of ACTH at lower completes the cycle with the signaling of the cortisol. Adrenal glands also produce aldosterone hormones, which are primarily from the mineralocorticoids class. By assisting the kidney to keep sodium and emit potassium, it helps to control blood pressure also sustains the salt and water stability in the human body. Kidney becomes unable to regulate water, and salt balance when aldosterone making falls down, causing blood pressure to drop (Eileen, pp. 23-56).

Causes of Addison's disease

From intense research around the globe, it has been observed that, the key root of this sickness is autoimmune adrenalitis. In this body's own organs are attacked by an over active immune system. Mostly 70% cases of this disease are due to autoimmune adrenalitis, mostly women are affected as compare to men. The significant cause of the autoimmune adrenalitis is yet unknown, similar to various autoimmune diseases (Marzejon, pp. 34-78). Further most uncommon origins of Addison's could be certain adrenal haemorrhage followed by car accident or may be adrenal cancer ...