ANOVA



ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

Introduction

The main purpose of this study is to determine the differences between the grade results of the students related to different societies. There are different test that were undertaken to reach to significant conclusions because only one specific test might create biases in our the results. ADD scores, IQ scores and also GPA are the major tests that were used to differentiate without any biasness. It may happen that due to some extraordinary capacities all the students score well in ADD scores, that is why other two tests were also simultaneously conducted to safe our results from the biasness.

Methodology

Participants

Participants were 216 students (54% boys, 46% girls) from one of 18 schools in northwestern Vermont. The schools were chosen in such a way to produce a reasonable cross section of rural schools within 40 miles of Burlington, VT. Age at first assessment, family background, racial/ethnic identity and other background variables were not assessed.

Procedure

All participants were part of a larger study conducted by Howell, Huessy, and Hassuk (1985). The original study began with 501 children in the second grade and consisted of six stages of data collection: 2nd grade, 4th grade, 5th grade, 9th grade, 12th grade, and 3 years post graduation. The first three assessments were collected via the child's current teacher, the second two assessments were collected via school records and the final assessment was an extensive interview. Due to normal attrition, the sample size was reduced to 352 children by the end of the fifth grade. The present study utilizes data collected during all six collection periods and includes only those for whom complete data is available (N = 216).

Measures

Gender. The gender of the child was collected via a questionnaire completed by the child's second grade teacher.

Grade repetition. Whether or not the child ...