Barriers of Taking up Telehealth in the Developed Countries



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my supervisor for supporting me throughout my project and giving his valuable suggestions. Finally thanks to all my friends and family for their utmost support and inspiration.

DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, & this dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It also represents my own views & not essentially the ones associated with university.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2

DECLARATION3

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Telehealth1

Evidence of Effectiveness of telehealth in HF2

Mortality Rate in HF Patients using Teleheatlh3

Barriers of taking up Telehealth5

Purpose of the Study6

Significance of the Study6

Aims of the Study7

Objectives of the Study7

Rationale of the Study7

Research Questions8

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY9

Telehealth in Developed Countries9

Telehealth in the United States9

Telehealth in Canada10

Telehealth in the U.K12

Policies Putting Forward Telehealth in Developed Countries13

Comparison of Funding For Barriers in Telehealth16

CHPATER 3: METHODOLOGY18

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria18

Finding Relevant Studies18

Data Abstraction and Analysis21

Key Words23

Appraisal Framework23

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS25

Reliability of Articles Chosen25

Limitation of Articles25

Articles26

Authors30

Title31

Abstract31

Study Background32

Ethical Considerations33

Critical Analysis of Articles33

Research Design37

Sample38

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION40

Definition of Telehealth40

Promotion of Telehealth40

Telemonitoring41

Characteristics of Telehealth Policies42

Examples of Telehealth42

Past Research on Telehealth43

Telehealth Policy Adoption44

Telehealth A Cross of Electronic Government and Electronic Commerce45

Regulatory Policy for Telehealth45

Adoption of telehealth laws in the American states46

Security in Telehealth Applications47

Developments in Telehealth47

Barriers to Telehealth50

Comparison of Barriers in U.K, U.S & Canada51

Challenges in up taking Telehealth52

Past Studies on Barriers of Telehealth52

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION54

Telehealth as an Intervention54

Telehealth as Broadening of Healthcare Access54

Benefits of Telehealth55

Individual Barriers and Change Facilitators56

REFERENCES59

APPENDIX64

CASP Model64

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Telehealth

This study refers to the introduction of digital telehealth to remote First Nations communities. In using the term 'telehealth', 'digital telehealth' is meant. The word has not been referred to the relationship between the terms 'telehealth' and 'telehealth', other than to note an observation made by Cervinskas (1984), who places the terms "telehealth" and "telehealth" as being interchangeable, though she acknowledges that "some workers in the field take exception to the term 'telehealth' and advocate instead the term 'telehealth'" to express the idea that '''telehealth' implies a broader range of health-related activities than 'telehealth' does". I take the view that the semantic difference is less important in the context of remote First Nations communities, given that most of what happens in telehealth and telehealth is confined within the walls of a small rural clinic. Thus, telehealth is clinical health care at-a-distance.

The federal authority on health care in U.S defines telehealth (using the term "telehealth") strictly in such terms: "a patient getting a face-to-face examination by a remotely located doctor, through interactive video- conferencing" (Health U.S, 2005). In technical terms, telehealth is an ICT application that allows the transmission of voice, vital signs and images electronically, securely and confidentially.

Although the literature is sparse in this area, the concept of using telehealth to improve weight maintenance outcomes is promising. The key to weight maintenance is continual reinforcement of the habits learned during weight ...