BSc Biosciences/Biomedical Sciences Programmes 2011-2012

The antimicrobial properties of Nigella Sativa

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, (Name) wish to proclaim that all contents of this work / memory stand in my own work without any support, and this thesis / dissertation has been no research on the academic and professional in the past. It also signifies my own views and does not closely relate to the university.

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Date: __________________________

DECLARATION

I, [name of the author], hereby declare the best of my knowledge, the entire stuffing of this proposal represent my real job, and that such a proposal was submitted prior to any academic research or other qualifications. In addition, he represents his own personal opinions and do not have anything to do with them at university.

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Abstract

The Nigella Sativa seed was evaluated in this study to check it antimicrobial activity on gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. The antimicrobial is a substance that is responsible to inhibit or kill the growth of microorganisms such as protozoan, bacteria and fungi, it can either be bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic. The Black Seed scientifically known as Nigella Sativa (NS) belongs to the Ranunculaceae family and it is an annual herbaceous plant. The essential oil was extracted from the seed of Nigella sativa and they were screened against the Ecoli and streptococcus species at three diverse concentrations (1:1, 3:5, and 1:5) using the agar diffusion method. The previous studies evaluated in this study indicate that the Nigella sativa seeds are known to have antimicrobial activity. The oil if inhibiting the strains of gram negative and positive bacteria is considered to be a superior source of agents that are antibacterial. The oil showed a remarkable dose dependent antibacterial activity against the tested strains up to a dilution of 1:35, as evident from the results obtained. This study indicates that the seeds of Nativa Sativa posses clinically useful antibacterial activity. It is clear from the findings and literature review that the Nigella sativa possess an antimicrobial property against various drugs resistant pathogenic bacteria and it may also be used topically in various susceptible cases. This study will also help to advocate its systemic use in tackling the infectious diseases. Further studies of antibiotics combined with the Nativa Sativa can be useful to prevent various diseases.

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTi

DECLARATIONii

Abstractiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION2

1.1 Outline of the Study2

1.2 Background of the Study2

1.3 History3

1.4 Role in history5

1.5 Rationale of the study6

1.6 Problem Statement7

1.7 Purpose of the Study8

1.8 Aims and Objectives8

1.9 Significance of the study9

1.10 Gantt chart9

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW11

2.1 Anticancer activity12

2.2 Antiparasitic activity12

2.3 Hepatoprotective Activity13

2.4 Neuroprotective Activity13

2.5 Analgesic Activity and Anti-inflammatory14

2.6 Anti-microbial and anti fungal activity14

2.7 Antioxidant activity15

2.8 Benefits of Nagilla Sativa17

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY19

3.1 Material: Strains of Ecoli and streptococcus20

3.2 Serial dilutions20

3.3 Methodology and Effects on clinical isolates after performing the experiment21

3.4 Ecoli21

3.5 Streptoccocus22

3.6 Dissolution and preparation of the oil solutions22

3.7 Emulsification23

3.8 Ethical Considerations24

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION25

4.1 Discussion of the results26

4.2 Antibacterial assay/ Antimicrobial tests29

4.3 Further other experiments that can be performed32

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION33

References35

Appendix43

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Outline of the Study

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