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Climate Change

Introduction

The climate system of the earth is an interactive and a complex system which consists of different factors such as the surface of the land, ice, snow, oceans, the atmosphere, and living things. Climate is frequently described as the means of frequent changes occurring in the temperature of the surface of the earth, along with the wind and precipitation over a period of time ranging from millions of years to some months. Climate change could simply be defined as the change that lasts for a long period of time. This change could last for a decade in a million years, the statistical parameters involving the average parameters, and variability of the global climate of the earth. These changes may be due to the processes that are intrinsic to the earth, external influences or, more recently, human activities. Anthropogenic climate change is caused by emissions of greenhouse gases caused by human activities altering the atmospheric composition of the planet. To this must be added the change to natural variations in climate (IPCC).

Discussion

Recent changes in the climate

The instrumental observations conducted by the scientists over the past one hundred and fifty seven years have shown that the temperature of the surface of the earth has risen globally. According to an estimated average the global warming on the surface of the has occurred generally in two phases, which are from the years 1910 to 1940's when the temperature fell to 0.35 degree centigrade, and the temperature fell more strongly in the year 1970 to 0.55 degree centigrade and the temperature it still falling at a very rate. This increase in the rate of global warming occurred in the last twenty five years according to estimation the past eleven to twelve years have been the worst for the surface of the earth, having massive changes occurring in the temperature. Since the 1950's the troposphere has warmed down at a much greater rate that the surface of the earth, whereas the stratosphere on the other hand has cooled down markedly since 1979. The confirmation of global warming has came from the , melting of the glaciers, rising ocean levels, warming of the oceans, retreating of sea ice in the Arctic, along with the diminished cover of snow in the Northern hemisphere. Below is some of the climate change that has occurred recently:

Rising sea levels

The melting of the permafrost and the glaciers

The melting of the arctic ice

Rise in the temperature of the sea level

Rise in the level of temperature of the lakes

Changes in climate due to human activities

That climate change is due to human activity with 90% certainty. Since the late eighteenth century and the beginning of the industrial activities, the composition of the atmosphere changes: the concentration of certain gases remained stable for hundreds of year's increases. This alters the natural mechanism of the greenhouse effect, without which life on Earth would not be possible, and causes global warming. Following are the steps in which ...