DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY

The Development of Scientific Methodology



The Development of Scientific Methodology

Introduction

The scientific method is an objective method of sciences like physics, to achieve genuine, unbiased results that make a puzzle like the scientific world view composed. Besides, the natural sciences, like the oldest, astronomy, and other sciences which successfully operated this principle successfully replaced now by medicine, psychology, sociology, physics, and business administration, to name a few for the development of laws and theories, for the measurement of scientific data. Humanities discipline uses the following terminology such as "experiment" to be adapted, because these studies use different methods. Rather, there are methods such as the dialectics application: from the opposition of thesis and antithesis followed by synthesis of a cognitive gain.Theory and experiment

The scientific method as anticipated on the example used to illustrate the physics, in a particular branch of physics thermodynamics. Experiments and observations of inanimate nature to support the theory, otherwise, it falls. This fundamental concept also pursues the other natural sciences such as chemistry and biology. (Shapin, 1985)

Accordingly, the two pillars of analytical methodology include theory and experiment. Theory and experiment were the symbiosis, as these two aspects of empirical work does not always used simultaneously. Aristotle (322 BC 384th) had the conviction of thinking laws alone; thus he only limited to the theory (Salmon, 1989). After this philosophical attitude influence only knowledge comes from the intelligentsia about the world, he seeks no verification of his philosophies or theories from the real world. Only with Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) came in 16th Century, who discover the modern scientific method to confirm the observations by law. This period called the Enlightenment in science, in which man is increasingly out of his mind remembered to use. As an outflow, this methodology development step is critical features of rational inquiry must be considered:

An objectification of the problem (by using an objective technical language

A theoretical embedding (usually through the use of mathematical language

The reproducibility of results under the same conditions

This development was necessary because of the so-called "common sense" that often derives the wrong conclusions. The problem of "common sense" is that he characterized empirically, thus derived from our daily world of experience (Rozeboom, 1999). For this reason, the major physical theories of the 20th Century, the theory of relativity and quantum theory, requires a creative mind, willing from the path of "common sense" to depart. Still prepare these constructs considerable understanding problems and push the limits of our imagination (e.g. curvature of a four-dimensional manifold, tunnel effect), although they widely accepted and verified in the scientific community and highly praised. (Howson, 2006)Determinism in the development of Scientific Methodology

A contemporary of Galileo, Descartes (1596 - 1650), sought - inspired by successes in mechanics and optics - in Cartesian determinism of a closed, mechanistic system of the world to establish. At least since knowledge of quantum theory (Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) in the twenties of the 20th Century and the so-called "chaos theory", the better with nonlinear dynamics known, in the eighties of the 20th Century, this determinism ...