Dialyzer design

Executive Summary3

Introduction and Background4

Earlier Literature Review4

Discussion7

Coil Dialyzer8

Hollow Fibber Dialyzer8

Ultra Filtration8

Parallel Plate Dialyzer9

Blood tubing9

Automated blood tube clamping9

Ethical and Legal Implication of Introducing New Dialyzer9

Legal Implications9

Ethical implications10

Ethical and Legal Implications of Introducing a New Pump10

Legal Implication10

Ethical Implication11

Ethical and Legal Implications of Introduction New Blood Tubing11

Legal Implications11

Ethical Implications11

Conclusion12

References13

Executive Summary

Patients who encounter kidney problems have certain levels of illness; and a different medical therapy is recommended and provided on case to case basis. When patients have major kidney problems they are recommended dialysis or renal replacement medical procedures. However, in cases where patients have mild or low level kidney failure, they are not subjected to these treatments and are recommended to lower level kidney treatments, which include dilates as replacement. This is because their kidneys have sufficient working capacity left to remove excess water from the bodies of the patients.

However, the patients at this level required different level of restrictions in diet to ensure that further damage to kidneys is prevented. Limitations include limited intake of water and restriction to intake of salts and protein, they are also subjected to medicines which include phosphate binders for prevention.

A dialyzer is medical equipment which acts as an artificial kidney design and has the role of transferring solutes and water across a membrane. The membrane is semi permeable and helps in separating blood, which is flowing and the streams of dialysate. The process of transferring these liquids is convection, which is medically known as ultra filtration. However, the second method is dialysis that is governed by the process of diffusion. The dialyzer has three basic designs which are popular in the field of medicine i.e. hollow fibre configurations, parallel plate and coil.

In the field of employing dialyzer as the technique for reducing kidney problems many ethical concerns needs to be thoroughly addressed in order to ensure that they are being robustly followed. For instance, if renal replace technique was employed then no person had the right to purchase renal from people who are poor and needy. This is because they will readily agree in selling an internal body organ merely to earn some case on a very cheap price, which might be help them in buying few days of adequate food.

Similarly, the system of renal transplant needs to have equality for every patient and richer patients cannot be prioritized for these treatments on the basis of their financial status. Such actions simply violate the rights of humanity for equality. In the case of dialyzers, a certain level of ethical concern arouse as many issues needs to be employed when utilizing this technique.

Reuse dialyzers provide medical staff with various benefits, one of them is that the medical staff can employ the most expensive dialyzers which are most effective in removing excess fluids from the bloods of the patients. However, most patients are prone to chemical reactions which are embraced by various dialyzers and reusing the same dialyzer ensures no further reactions. This technique is cost effective as well, if considered on accounts of expenses ...