Did the Egyptian Arab Spring lead to a democratic leadership culture?

By

[Name of Department]



Submitted by Name to the University of Exeter as a dissertation towards the degree of Master of Arts by advanced study in Leadership Studies, Month, Year'I certify that all material in this dissertation which is not my own work has been identified and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which, this research would not have been possible.

ABSTRACT

Autocratic leadership used to prevail in the Arab countries including Egypt, which led to the emergence of the revolts and protests against the dictators governing the countries. The revolution was a mass protest from the Egyptians which led to the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak. As after the revolution, the Egyptian military took over the administration of the country, and the people were allowed to elect a prime minister from the common people and also form a cabinet in order to govern the country, it can be expected that the Egyptian Arab Spring led to a democratic leadership culture in the country, without conspiracy. The research utilized a mixture of quantitative and qualitative approaches to find out the reactions and dedication of the respondents towards the Arab spring, with respect to categorically analyzing the aspects of the historic happening across three timelines: before the revolution, during the revolution and after it. Leaders need to use their power to lead communities conduction occurs because without disorder, disorientation and breach of goals. That is why the use of power is not opposed to democracy, always to be exercised within the limits established by the organization and is oriented with a social meaning. Although women were the actual leaders and were the strongest supporters of the rise of freedom and acceptance, a year later their future seems to darken the harvest moon. Egypt, although is a conservative country, considering strong, rigid followers of the Islamic code of conduct and the Muslim community covering the landscape at large. The research wrapped up on indicating the importance of leadership in bringing about changes and evolutions to a civilization. It was realized that strong democratic leadership may be continued in a specific direction, in order to be able to realize communal peace and harmony while making collective dreams come true.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

ABSTRACTIII

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION1

Problem Statement2

Purpose of Research2

Research Aim and Objectives3

Research Questions3

Summary of Approach Adopted4

Brief Outline of Subsequent Chapters4

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW7

Styles and Characteristics of Leadership7

Democratic Leadership9

Transformational Leadership10

Egyptian Arab Spring: An Overview11

Before the Revolution14

Mubarak's Style of Leadership15

Situation of the Egyptians prior to Mubarak's rule16

During the Revolution18

Did luck play a role following Tunisia?19

Was it a planned revolution?19

Who planned it?20

Was it a need for change?22

External Influence23

Role of Different Parties23

Who ruled during this period?25

Role of Liberals, Muslim Brothers and the Salafi's26

Role of Women during the Revolution30

Role of Arab Countries33

Did Charisma exist?34

Western opinion on Egyptian Arab Spring36

Effects of Egyptian Arab Spring on International Relations38

Impact ...