EDWIN LUTYENS AND LE CORBUSIER

The Classical Edwin Lutyens and the Critical Rationalist Le Corbusier



The Classical Edwin Lutyens and the Critical Rationalist Le Corbusier

Introduction

The different religions and cultures in India have each left their mark on the art of building. Largely designed by Lutyens over 20 years, the city of New Delhi, located in the metropolis of Delhi, was to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Raj. The project was completed in 1929 and officially opened in 1931. Located southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanabad, the plan of the new city was marked by large radial avenues connecting the main points in the style of other planned cities like Canberra or Washington DC. In this city combined the classicism of Western architecture with features of local traditions, especially of Mughal architecture and water gardens. Built to the same principles as other British colonies, the market would be the meeting point between the native settlements and the new imperial city. There Lutyens imagined "the big shopping center for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", resulting in the existing market today.

The most important building of Lutyens in New Delhi is the Buddhist dome now known as Rashtrapati Bhavan. This palatial building, which houses 340 rooms, occupies an area of ??1.3 km ² and has a private garden designed by Lutyens himself. This palace would be the official residence of the Viceroy of India, and currently the President of India. In this building there is a bust of Lutyens, the only statue of a Westerner that Indians left in its original location after independence. He also designed the Hyderabad House, the palace in Delhi's Last Nizam of Hyderabad.

For this city, Lutyens invented a new architectural order, which has been called the "Delhi Order", which was also used for some buildings of England, such as Campion Hall at Oxford. The new city would house the parliament buildings and government, many of them designed by Herbert Baker, built with red sandstone feature of the environment, following the pattern of Mughal architecture. Several of the villas in the area "Lutyens Bungalow" (LBZ), an area of low density housing, are in danger due to development pressure exerted by the urban development of Delhi. LBZ area was included in 2002 in the list of 100 most endangered sites developed by the World Monuments Fund.

The most popular monument in Buddhism is the stupa. Originally stupaerne mounds of Buddha and his disciples remains. Later they were symbols of Buddha Incoming in nirvana but they can also be seen as monumental representations of the cosmos. Ashoka built many stupas, but most are lost or heavily remodeled. The two most famous of the oldest stupas located in Bharhut (started approx. 200 BC) and Sanchi. Other Buddhist building types are caitya (temple) and vihara (monk housing). Caityaen usually contains a small stupa or a Buddha figure out in the temple hall background. Vihara include sambyggede monk cells surrounding an open space intended for public religious ...