Establishing the true cost of care closer to home

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Acknowledgement

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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ABSTRACT

The paper evaluates the impact of implementing Community based health care to patients in Uk and it is compared with the general hospital services provided by the government. To test whether services provided by such centres are more cost-effective than treatment at local higher-level hospitals, the study compared health outcomes and expenditures for patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in three cities. For the purpose of this paper, we have studied various literature reviews and past studies done on CHC in UK. The Results suggest that CHCs are more cost-effective than hospitals in treating chronic diseases. Findings may also indicate that those patients seeking care at hospitals have more serious - and therefore more expensive and time-consuming - conditions. standards). The findings indicate that improved pharmacy operational efficiency is the result of appropriate incentive structures, ownership liberalisation and OTC price freedom as is the case in the UK. Equity and access seem to be better achieved by establishing geographic, demographic or needs-based criteria to open new pharmacies. In sum, there are useful lessons for UK to look into the policies that increases the access and equity.Further empirical research is needed to clarify these results.

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT4

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION6

Background7

Aims and objectives8

Rationale and hypothesis testing8

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW10

Impact of CHC on Healthcare Costs12

Impact of CHCs on Avoidable Acute Care Utilization15

Barriers to primary prevention18

Effective community action21

The role of socio-economic development and the need for prevention23

Demographic and socio-economic determinants of community and hospital services costs for people with HIV/AIDS in London24

Result and findings26

Economic analysis of a community-based falls prevention program32

Costs of the SOYF program34

Program benefits35

The Importance of Having a Usual Source of Care39

The Need for the Safety Net40

The Community Health Centers Program43

Who Health Centers Serve44

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY52

Research Design52

Literature Search52

Theoretical Framework53

CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS54

Health promotion in community pharmacy: the UK situation54

Research55

Excessive share of resources consumed by Low need recipients59

Non-needy recipients59

Concentrating the subsidy on the poor60

Inexplicit criteria and idiosyncratic allocations61

Low impact of community-based services on unwanted and undesirable admission to institutions for long-term care63

Recipients were at low risk of admission to institutions63

Risk of admission and heavy utilization of long-term care in institutions67

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS69

REFERENCES72

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A global trend in health care reform favors primary-care-based systems because primary- and community-based health care are more cost-effective and convenient. This is especially true in light of aging populations and the growing burden of chronic diseases. UK is no exception. In its latest health care reform, UK aims to assure its population equitable access to basic health care by building a strong ...