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Ethical theory and practice-Social Contract John Rawls

Introduction

Hayek, theoretician of the "mirage of social justice" and Rawls, author of "A Theory of Justice", appear in downright opposition, yet the economist said that the differences that separated the philosopher was "more verbal than substantial ". Despite conflicting paradigms (evolutionism versus contractual), gestation standards are similar in the two authors (anti-utilitarianism, fairness, experiments) and leads to two versions of the same conception of justice in society, by the standards adopted and hierarchy (priority of liberty, fair increase opportunities for all, improving the lot of poor).

The theory of J. Rawls, one of the many impressions that can bring your reading is, perhaps, have been produced by something like a laboratory of ideas, that is, having been written by someone who has little contact with reality (Barry, 2009, 125). However, what I intend to show in these pages is just the opposite.

Discussion

Two Approaches in fact Comparable

Hayek and Rawls are at first glance opposed to each other in their approach the question of justice: Hayek trusted the justice of the judiciary to select a pragmatic rules of just conduct to be applied to each case while Rawls imposes on everyone the asceticism of the veil of ignorance in the original position, to reach a unanimous definition of the principles of justice. Yet the impartiality of standards to be applied is the common goal of both authors that impartiality is verified ex post Hayek, or is imposed ex ante Rawls. Another point convergence, the development standards of justice is a complex process that must leave much room for experimentation, resulting in either a permanent adjustment of the existing case law, a "reflective equilibrium" between the principles of justice and "Well considered beliefs" of individuals. Contrastingly, the first characteristic that approximates approaches of Hayek and Rawls undoubtedly lies in their respective control credible alternative to the utilitarian doctrine, which both feels very excessive influence on the social philosophy (Barry, 2009, 125).

John Rawls and the Theory of Justice

Prior to making explicit the arguments that constitute the "Theory of Justice " Rawls, we must note that with this work, coming forth in 1971, has as objective to provide, in the context of modern moral philosophy, a moral alternative to derived from classical utilitarianism, perfectionism and intuitionist option. Thus, Rawls pose immediately raises a principle of equal liberties, by nature anti-sacrificial terms policy, and does not tolerate economically, through the difference principle, that perceived inequality as legitimate because they benefit all. With regard to Hayek's argument against the omniscience of the impartial spectator is clearly adapted to the review of "act utilitarianism" of Bentham, as where, in this version, the legitimacy of peculiar behavior requires all known special effects, immediate or subsequent to himself as on others, that behavior may have caused (Aristotle, 2008, 21).

Justice as First Virtue of Social Institutions

Rawls gives priority to justice and understood as the first virtue of social institutions, therefore, their approach does not give a value greater than the institutions in this order, stable ...