Evolution of Telephone

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Evolution of Telephone

Introduction

Telephone, a device used for voice communication between two distant regions. It was in 1872, when for the first telephone was patented with name of Alexander Graham Bell. In 8292, the first successful call between two distant cities, New York and Chicago was made. From its inception in the late nineteenth century to this date, truly, telephonic communication has evolved exponentially or in fact dramatically. Today, one can see kids holding portable telephone or mobile phones in their hands while doodling around the street with such facilities and capabilities which no one would imagine at the time of its inception. The high competition in companies which produce mobile phones has indeed catalyzed the evolution of cell phones; they are continuously getting smaller, easy to use, have wireless internet connection and are housed with numerous facilities like camcorder, camera, emergency lights and a lot more. So does the future of this industry is expected to show even steeper evolution rate. The designs and plans of future cell phones that some industries have released clearly show revolutionary use of technologies and significant change in the concept of mobile phones.

Figure 1: Evolution of telephone with time.

Discussion

Etymology

Although, invention of telephone cannot be credited to a single person because a number of scientists participated in it, Alexander Graham Bell is considered as the father of the creation because he was the first one to patent this technology to his name in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in March 1876. Other scientists who performed pioneering experiments regarding voice communication are Thomas Edison, Elisha Gray, Johann Philipp Reis, Anotnio Meucci and Innocenzo Manzetti. With so many contributors, the history Graham Bell's patent is full of law suits, claims, counter claims and complexities. Below is the picture of Graham Bell making the first long distance call from New York to Chicago, while a team of scientists, curiously watch and hear the communication (Huurdeman, 2003).

Figure 2: First call by Graham Bell from New York to Chicago.

Soon after, a Telephone Switchboard was designed and developed by a Hungarian scientist named, Tivadar Puskas. This invention then resulted in the generation of telephone exchange followed by city and country wide networks.

Working Principle of Early Telephones

POTS or Plain Old Telephone Service was based on landlines which carried both audio and control signals. The landlines were twisted pair cables which are able to reject Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and therefore, immune to distortion of signals and addition of noise. The telephone device consisted of an indicator in the form of either a blinking light or a beeper, and a rotary or keypad dialer was used to make outgoing calls.

Chronological Evolution

Although, telephone was patented in 1872, work on this technology was carried out for years before it.

1844 - At this time communication with telegraphs was at its peak. It was Innocenzo Manzetti who for the first time put forward the idea of speaking telegraphs and introduced the word, Telephone.

1854 - Construction of a possible telephone ...