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Human-Like Extraterrestrial Societies

Introduction

More than half a century of literary work of Stanislaw Lem's brought him immense popularity not only among fans of the classic science-fiction. Translated and published around the world, the most popular of living Polish writers, attracts more and more new generation of reliable knowledge from various fields of modern science, porywajacymi visions of the future of humanity and futuristic threats to its development, and above all the philosophical depth of discourse, which over the decades leading with his readers. And there are millions of them

Futurism's novel is apparent. Lem's world of the future is a caricature, exaggerated reflection of the evolution of culture and civilization existing in the well-known to him the twentieth century. It is a satire on modernity in its mental issue. Incredible technological advances, the conquest of space, artificial intelligence, in the pages of Lem's novel, all these twentieth - century dreams were fulfilled. The man is a representative of highly developed civilization technicised, scientist, rationalist and a pragmatist, heir to the philosophy of Descartes and Francis Bacon, the incarnation of the ideal of modernity. It's just that modernity does not live up to their dreams. Same way the plot of the narrative and exposes him as the author strongly rooted in the mentality, which is subjected to criticism. In short, Lem is a moralist, not a relativist, issue a certificate, criticizes, storm mythologies of modernity but does not show solutions. It is pessimistic, because the image of the world that outlines the pages of his novels seems to be the only one consequence of our time. The author, however, raises issues that are also prominent in the current postmodern discourse: an objective and reason, rationality and experiential our ways of knowing, a universal and inalienable truth, ethnocentrism (here: anthropocentrism), colonialism and appropriation, incomprehensibility and extermination of alien, finally, identity and subjectivity. The basis of criticism of modern civilization in Lem's writings is the primary division, the gap between science and morality, stunted sense of spiritual and metaphysical primacy of reason over any area of human life. The author makes a distinction between totalitarian society and political regime authoritative, critically reviewing the arguments that have been given in political science from the distinction. The paper analyzes the role of ideology or official mind, the totalitarian party and anti-party authoritarian, the greater or lesser degree of state control of the economy, the media, literature and education, and the subject of individual rights. After analyzing the types of support schemes, authoritarian regimes, refers to the spaces of freedom and pluralism it is possible to find and develop these systems, where a gradual liberalization strategy and joint socio- economic, cultural system and the political system can lead to a stable democratic institutionalization. When the breakdown of democracy is inevitable, it anarchy gives two alternatives: a totalitarian society or an authoritarian political regime. Sometimes in public debates refuses or forgets the distinction between totalitarian society and re- authoritarian regime. In political science, however, has advanced enough in this conceptual ...