Hydroxycholesterol Increases the Availability of Cholesterol in Phospholipid Membranes

Hydroxycholesterol Increases the Availability of Cholesterol in Phospholipid Membranes

Introduction

The term arteriosclerosis literally means "hardening of the arteries", but is used to indicate a group of processes that cases have in common the arterial wall thickening and loss of elasticity in the same city (Brett et. al, 2011). This deficiency causes numerous consequences for the individual who possesses it. Indicated by this term are three morphological variants: atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of the aterom (circumscribed deposits of lipids in the intima), and the average calcificant sclerosis or sclerosis, which is the calcification of the middle layer mainly of muscular arteries but also the great arteries generally does not reduce the arterial lumen, but may facilitate the development of aneurysm, and arteriosclerosis, a thickening of the small arteries and arterioles disease will consider a class C Hamada arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis (Vaclav et. al, 2010). On an individual in different vessels or in the same pot, there may be two or three of these variants.

Discussion

Atherosclerosis is by far the most common and important form of arteriosclerosis, the terms are used interchangeably. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries of large and medium caliber, characterized by lipid deposits and thickening of the intima, with rupture of the medial layer. Commonly, there is a commitment of the aorta, its major branches such as the iliac, femoral and carotid arteries, and arteries that supply the heart and brain. The deaths caused by vascular disease, specifically myocardial infarction and stroke, are numerous than the two subsequent causes, cancer and accidents combined. The factors that have been clearly implicated are cholesterol, smoking and hypertension. Other important predisposing factors are serum triglycerides, diabetes and obesity.

Occurs most frequently in the first year and after the eighth year is predominant in higher income families (11.3%) than in those with lower income (5.3%). But, in any age socio-economic living standards cur s where the streets are not a safe place to be, the children end up spending the day in front of the TV, computer, video game or playing activities q u and do not require much space and energy (Brett, Paul & Nathan, 2008). Research has revealed that 26% of American children between 8 and 16 years spend 4 or more hours in front of TVs with cable channel that favors the development of obesity.

Cholesterol in Phospholipid Membranes

Acetyl-CoA is generated in the mitochondria mainly from two sources, the reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and the oxidation of fatty acids. So that these units can be used for Acetyl the synthesis of these fatty acids must be present in the cytoplasm. The change of fatty acid oxidation and glycolytic oxidation occurs when the need for energy in the cell decreases (Vaclav et. al, 2010). This results in a decrease in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to the TCA cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Under these conditions, the mitochondrial acetyl units can be stored as fat to meet energy demands in the ...