[Impacts of Climatic Variability on Water Quality under a Forest-dominated Homochitto Watershed]

By

Acknowledgement

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor? family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible (A? 2005).

DECLARATION

I? [type your full first names and surname here]? declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work? and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore? it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University (A? 2005).

Signed __________________ Date _________________

Abstract

In this study we try to explore the concept of “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed” in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed” and its relation with “water quality”. The research also analyzes many aspects of “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed” and tries to gauge its effect on “water quality”. The methodology covers the research design and data collection tools regarding the “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed”. Results were based on the data being analyzed in methodology. Finally the research describes various factors which are responsible for “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed” and tries to describe the overall effect of “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed” on “water quality”. The paper concludes by mentioning the implications and future aspects regarding “impacts of climatic variability on water quality under a forest-dominated watershed” (US Department of the Interior? 2005: Water 2025: Preventing Crises and Conflict? 2005).

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2

DECLARATION3

ABSTRACT4

LIST OF FIGURES7

LIST OF TABLES8

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION9

Introduction9

Purpose Of The Study11

Statement of Problem12

CHAPTER III: LITERATURE REVIEW13

Literature Review13

How Many Counties The Watershed Covers13

Soil type- Soil Land Usage Of The Six Counties Covering The Watershed13

Water Bodies That Is Impaired In The Watershed14

Impairment Due To Specific Causes And Impairments Due To Specific Sources Or Climatic Variables15

The Hydrological Cycle16

Changes in Precipitation and Drought Patterns16

Melting Glacial Ice17

Water Quality18

Changes in Climate As They Relate To Water19

Patterns of large-scale variability20

Soil moisture23

Pan evaporation23

Precipitation (including extremes) and water vapour24

Water Sector Decision-making25

Surveillance? monitoring and assessment27

Decision Support Systems (DSS)? uncertainty and extremes28

Socio-economic factors that affect decision making31

Stakeholders and mechanisms for interaction33

Water Governance34

Potential Adaptation Strategies35

Adaptive management36

Precautionary Principle and Water Resources Management38

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)40

Vulnerability assessment41

Emergency preparedness and response43

Cooperation in Transboundary River Basins44

Technological advances45

Needs for tailored climate products and services46

Direct and indirect impacts of climate on the Water Sector46

Climate Information Needs47

Operational requirements51

Planning and adaptation requirements54

Product and service characteristics (format? timing? etc)56

Dissemination and communication aspects56

Assessment of gaps and needs57

Identification of gaps between products and services available and those required58

Research and technology requirements59

Infrastructure? education? training and other capacity building requirements61

Methodologies for cost-benefit analyses63

Relationships between climate sector and water sector64

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY66

Introduction to Research Methods66

Methods66

Quantitative Research69

Structure of Research Papers70

Data collection70

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS & DISCUSSION72

Results and Discussion72

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION76

Recommendations from the Water Sector76

List of figures

List of tables

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Climate Variability is having an ...