INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Engineering



Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering

According, the American Institute of Industrial Engineers, "Industrial engineering is the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems. It uses the knowledge from the mathematical, physical and social, as well as the principles and methods specific to the "genius" or the art of engineering in order to specify, predict and evaluate the results arising from these systems. "

This discipline traces back to France in the early 1990s and Tunisia in 1979. We can summarize all areas of industrial engineering with the phrase "optimization of overall performance of the company."

The term "engineering" is a term introduced so recently in the French language which he sometimes substitutes the word "genius" is the art of the engineer (Walker 1993, Pp. 39-52).

Engineering is a set of activities that combine to fill the needs with a client: definition and requirements analysis, design studies and implementation of a project.

Areas of Application

The fields of engineering of industrial processes are very varied. These include, among others:

1.Oil services (in English "Oil & Gas").

a.Onshore production processes (facilities on land), offshore and underwater (offshore facilities, platforms).

b.Refining: The process of transformation from crude oil derivatives to obtain basic.

c.Gas processing / liquefaction / Production.

d.Petrochemicals: the transformation process for obtaining the complex derivatives.

2.Nuclear production, processing and transport of energy produced from fissile material.

3.Renewable Energy: production, processing and transport of energy from nonfossil sources (hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, etc.).

4.Chemistry: chemical process of transformation from raw materials.

5.Pharmacy: a process for the production of drugs and other pharmaceutical.

6.Biology: Medical and biomedical.

7.Cement: production of hydraulic binders based on mineral raw materials.

8.Stationery: manufacturing process from cellulose (paper, packaging, cartons, etc.).

9.Food industry: food production developed from the basic-food materials.

10.'Mining, Metals and minerals: mineral extraction and production of metals and minerals purified from these minerals.

11.Automotive, aviation.

12.Computers.

13.Military, Aerospace.

Types of raw materials

Raw material is any material that comes from a natural base and is classified according to their origin. That is, the materials can be plant, animal or mineral, all easily adaptable to the production of consumer goods or both, this varies according to the requirements of durable or nondurable consumer (Lewis 2003, Pp. 121-145). However, before a material itself, the raw material must pass through an intermediate stage where the product is not such, but rather a semi or semi-finished products.

While energy commodities in recent years always in everyone's mouth - what could be the strong rise in crude oil prices are up to 2008 and the sharp decline in prices during the financial crisis - the trade was with such agricultural commodities, mostly without much attention on the stage. Altogether there are five different main categories of commodities.

A.Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, gasoline, etc)

B.Precious metals (gold, silver, etc)

C.Industrial metals (copper, iron, etc)

D.Agricultural products (wheat, coffee, cotton, etc)

E.Animal husbandry (pork bellies, cattle, etc)

In the category, of plant materials have, for example, wood, rubber, linen and rubber, with cotton, which also falls into this category. The first is find in the trunk of the plant, more specifically the tree and is characterized by the symbiosis between two ...