[Long term catheterisation and prevention of UTI]

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

ABSTRACT

Urethral catheterization may be necessary for patients with unresolved or unmanaged urinary retention. Patient safety has been studied since the 1960s in an effort to improve healthcare services. In the study conducted by Thomas et al. (2009) a bacterium associated with Catheter is the most common prevailing infection throughout the world and spreads as a result of wide use of urinary catheterization.The second quasi-experimental study conducted by Apisamthanarak, et al. to investigate the effectiveness of a hospital wide quality improvement program. The third study conducted by Huang, et al. the two years study demonstrated a decrease in CAUTI in the intervention phase using nurse-generated reminders. The fourth study conducted by Tenke, et al. The clinicians should consider two priorities which include that the catheter system should remain minimal. For the study we are introducing a model which is Evidence Based Model used to guide the implementation or the Iowa Model. The prevention of health care-associated infections has become a high priority in many hospitals. The Iowa Model was used to implement this EBP project.

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

Background of the Study1

Purpose of the Study2

Research Questions2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW3

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY5

Methodology5

Background and Rationale6

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria7

Literature Sources7

Literature Critique9

Authors10

Titles and Abstracts11

Ethical Concerns11

Purpose/Problem of Study12

Key Words13

Appraisal Framework13

Hypotheses14

Sample and Design14

Critique on Quantitative Research Approach16

Statistical Analysis17

Results17

Themes18

CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS/ RESULTS ANALYSIS20

Project Introduction20

Protection of Human Subjects21

Barriers/Problems for Implementation22

Implementation23

CHAPTER NO 5: CONCLUSION25

REFERENCES26

APPENDIX35

Articles35

IOWA Model38

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Urethral catheterization may be necessary for patients with unresolved or unmanaged urinary retention. Complications can exist, and a UTI is the most common complication. Other reported complications can be trauma from catheterization, renal and bladder stone formation, fistula formation, and incontinence (Association for Continence Advice, 2008a).

The duration and type of catheterization are important considerations to minimized catheter-associated complications. Types of catheterization include in dwelling urethral catheterization, intermittent catheterization, supra pubic catheterization, and external catheters, such as condom catheters.Patient safety has been studied since the 1960s in an effort to improve healthcare services. Healthcare organizations have always been under close scrutiny for services rendered by state health inspections and federal regulatory inspection agencies such as the Joint Commission Accreditation Hospital Organization (JCARO). The Institute of Medicine (10M), 2001 has reported an estimated cost of$6.3 billion/year from deaths attributed to medical errors from the hands of medical providers.

Short-term indwelling catheter placement is defined by the CDC and NHSN (2009) as a catheter that is in place within the 7 day period before the onset of the symptoms and the diagnosis of CAUTI. If a urinary tract infection (UTI) develops in ...