Management and Organizational Behavior

Introduction1

Organizational Behavior1

Discussion2

Perception and Attribution2

Perception2

Components of Perception2

A Model of Perceptual Process3

Biases in Perception4

Primary and Recency Effects4

Reliance on Traits4

Implicit Personality Theories4

Projection4

Stereotyping5

Halo Effect5

Attribution5

Dispositional Attribution5

Situational Attribution5

Attribution Theory6

Internal Attributions6

External Attribution6

Attribution Cues6

Consistency Cues6

Consensus Cues7

Distinctiveness Cues7

Attribution Biases7

Fundamental Attribution Error7

Perception and Decision Making8

Rational Model of Decision Making8

Limitations8

Intuitions9

Decision Making Errors9

Overconfidence9

Anchoring Biasness9

Confirmation Biasness9

Availability Biasness9

Risk Aversion9

Hindsight Biasness10

Conclusion10

Management and Organizational Behavior

Introduction

Organizational Behavior

The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) presents a comprehensive and profound awareness about the procedures to help an organization achieve its goals. It facilitates to understand, anticipate, sustain and modify behavior of employees in the wide prospect of the organization. It addresses the employees' routine at work like their job, attendance, efficiency and earnings. It takes into account person's individual behavior, interpersonal skills and organization's behavior. Organizations assumed the requirement of some study which could directly deal with the new emerging trends worldwide like globalization, diversity, demographics, expectations, need for change, values, aptitude, innovation and ethical norms (Griffin and Moorhead, 2011).

OB austerely focuses on behavior aspects: motivation, interpersonal skills, creativity, teamwork, perception and attribution, stress and leadership. The pressure on every organization is escalating with every day. They need to fortify the usefulness and expediency of their functions and gain competitive advantage. The management has to dexterously allocate their resources since the execution of the procedures will make all the difference (Kitchin, 2012). It will either attain an organization a competitive advantage or fail all their strategic plans and arranged resources. OB augments on the existing knowledge of the management about deploying their capital (including HR).

Ethical values are unshakable and deep-rooted human psychology in comparison to job interest attitude, dedication and contentment. Human nature assumes values as an instrument for conducting mental evaluation. Such an instrument evaluates the behaviors of oneself and others. Values contour the behavior in an individual to refer to any right and wrong. I will discuss the two significant aspects of Organizational Behavior: Perception and attribution and decision making (Robbins, 2010).

Discussion

Perception and Attribution

Perception

It is the procedure of understanding the input messages of our senses to provide order and sagacity to the environment. The most relevant and significant perceptions that control the overall perceptions of the organization is the perception which employees have for each other (Brooks, 2009).

Components of Perception

Perception has three components: the perceiver, the target and the situational context.

Perceiver

The perceiver's familiarity, intentions, and emotions can manipulate her perception about certain entity. The existing acquaintance and experience lead us to form our expectations. Our expectations form criteria against which we evaluate our target. Varied criteria can become a problem for an organization. Our intentions drive our motive behind any action or purpose. Requirements vary according to different situations and conditions. Conflicting motives can lead to over all organizational trouble. Emotions are the feeling one hold at any given moment.

There are many types of emotions like happiness, fear, sadness, anxiety, anger which have an indirect effect on our perceptions. Emotions often over shadow the actual requirement since we tend to see what we wish to ...