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Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism

Introduction

Modern liberalism and modern conservatism are both extremely centrist ideologies, “In fact, US conservatism comes out of classical liberalism so the modern versions of both ideologies share deep philosophical roots” (Guide, pg. 1). These roots date back to the 17th century, extending into the early 20th century. To fully understand American politics, it is a key to understand the dominant ideologies. It is also crucial to analyze the differences and similarities between these two ideologies. This paper will first examine the origins and tenants of classical liberalism, an ideology in which both modern liberalism and modern conservatism evolved. It will later discuss the major principles and tenants governing both ideologies. Finally, it will analyze and contrast modern day conservatism and liberalism according the current environment of the present day.

Liberalism

Liberalism is a system view that includes social, harmony and progress of humanity. It is achieved only on the basis of private property by ensuring that sufficient individual freedom in economics and in all other spheres of human activity (for the common good of the alleged spontaneously formed as a result of individuals to their personal goals). With the development of capitalist relations, the actual content of liberalism underwent a complicated evolution in the extreme diversity of its concrete historical forms (Pestritto, pp.78). Liberalism originated in the fight against young progressive bourgeoisie and the nobility against the ruling feudal tyranny of absolutism and religious oppression of the Catholic Church, and in that time Liberalism was the bearer of ideals (the belief in progress, the triumph of reason, peace, freedom, and equality), common to all anti-feudal camp. When the exchange is voluntary, it is beneficial to both parties, if any one of them refuse to participate. In the previous example with the merchant and client, both gain from the exchange: the customer, because otherwise he would not have purchased the item and the shopkeeper, who would not be selling the item. This means that voluntary exchange is a created by wealth.

However, when the exchange is not voluntary, it is impossible to know whether the exchange is beneficial to both parties. Indeed, the individual who is forced to participate in an exchange might not be hired if he could refuse, and therefore, it is possible that this exchange can cause a loss. An example is the forced exchange of the charge of television in UK: the state requires owners of a television set to pay a certain sum of money in exchange for the right to watch television channels (Pestritto, pp.78). An individual who is not interested in these chains is losing because he has to pay this fee anyway. Liberalism typically includes two interrelated aspects, the social and economic. Social liberalism is the application of liberal principles in the political life of individuals, such as non-interference of the state or collective private conduct of citizens and their social relations, there is full freedom of expression and religion and the different types of consensual social relations, moral and etc.

Classical ...