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Roman History

Introduction

There is known to be tiny river on the west coast of the Italian peninsula. This river is called Tiber. The people who lived south to this river were mainly farmers and shepherds. There was a country situated in the hills on the west. On the left of the river were also hills. With the passage, people started to build small villages on these hills for the purpose of trade. There were a total of seven hills and villages situated over them combined together to become one single city of Rome. Some old legends highlight that Rome was founded by Romulus in 753 B.C.

Discussion

Therefore, it was Julius Caesar who was the first Roman general in history to conduct the invasion of Britain. He managed to do this by building a bridge across the Rhine and straight to the English. Two years prior to this invasion, Crassus died and this left Caesar and Pompey alone in the alliance. However, as the military accomplishments of Julius Caesar were gaining popularity, it also threatened the position and the standing of Pompey. The Roman politics had always been known throughout history. Pompey managed to use his political influence on the Senate, to force them to stop Julius Caesar. This resulted in Julius being ordered to return home and leave the command of his army. This infuriated Caesar and in 49 BC, he was daring enough to refuse these orders openly. He crossed the Rubicon and marched towards Rome with his extensive army. This resulted in a Civil war and eventually Julius Caesar won, thus becoming the unquestionable leader of Rome. During his rule of 5 years, he was termed as a Dictator for eternity. However, there were still some political issues and eventually these led to the assassination of Caesar in 44BC.

Octavian Augustus was the nephew of Julius Caesar. Caesar adopted him at an early age. He is known to be trained and mentored by Julius himself. After Caesar was murdered, another civil war broke out. Thus, the Republic's constitutional government could not be restored. After a while, Augustus himself rose to power and the period of the Roman Empire started. Augustus developed the framework of the empire in such a way that state was led under his sole rule. This made him to be termed as the first citizen. Augustus was known for his military dominance and was also named as Caesar Augustus.

Augustus's reign also initiated the era of the Roman Peace, which is also known as Pax Romana. This period was known to be 200 peace of Roman Empire in which very minor expansions were witnessed. The Pax Romana started after Mark Antony was defeated by Augustus in the Battle of Actium. As Augustus developed the framework of the Empire, he ensured his dominance, thus leaving no chance of a civil war. The Pax Romana was not known to be exercised at that time, because even if civil wars were prevented, there was an ...