SOMALIA

“Somalia a failed state”



“Somalia a failed state”

Somalia

Evidence for the colonization of the Horn of Africa before the Christian era is sparse. The first traces of human civilization were in Buur Heyber discovered in southern Somalia. In the north cave, paintings were Heegan Karin, in Laas Geel in Hargeysa and Dhambalin and elsewhere in the region Togdheer found. The first written mention of the area could be in the name Punt exist in the ancient Egyptian sources called a land with Egypt from 3000 BC trade relations used, and the one in the area of present-day Somalia or Eritrea localized. A harbor town called opon (Greek ?p???) was first Century AD by a traveling salesman from Alexandria in his trip report Periplus Maris Erythraei described. It will work on the site of today Hafun suspected. From this city was with the Yemen, with Phoenicia, Nabataea, Greece, Rome and " Azania "driven trading, and even Indonesian and Malay traders frequented the place, the strategically located on the trade routes through the Red Sea (Shillington, 2005).

Political effects

On September 12, 1974, Haile Selassie was deposed and arrested former officials were imprisoned, prohibiting strikes and demonstrations. The Derg, the military junta, began to move in power. Students are sent to the provinces to conduct literacy campaigns and spread the new ideology. The State takes control of the economy because of which many companies are nationalized. Finally, a lavish party was set up on a national socialist. If the Derg initially arrives to assert its authority, political parties are calling for a civilian transfer of power and the return of the military barracks. The two main opposition parties are meson and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP). Clashes between the second party and the regime will escalate and end in late 1976, 1978, a phase during which the country is "terrible two years.” Confrontations are particularly callous repression accentuates radicalism (Lee V. 1982).

Family members of the EPRP are involved, and the participation of school children along with the EPRP Delegates led to massacre of whole classes. From 29 April to 1 May 1977, over one thousand students and high school students are murdered. This period of political violence, known as Red Terror, marked the Ethiopians. The killings are also common in the Derg, where rivalries between people lead to arrests and shootings. It is finally Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam emerging within the junta, which ruled the country since 1977 (Sheikh, 1982).

Military contribution to the failing of state

The EPRDF is still facing some difficulties. In 1998, Eritrea invaded Ethiopia and starts a war that will last two years. The conflict claimed more than 80,000 dead and saw the victory of Ethiopian troops. Since the reports are difficult between the two states, the central government also faces two armed rebellions, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and the National Liberation Front in the Ogaden (FNLO). The latter is also supported by the Islamic Courts Union, an active movement in Somalia, where Ethiopia has intervened in support ...