A Critical Review of the Literature on the Psychological-Physiological Effects on Patients Suffering From Dementia

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Acknowledgement

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

Declaration

I [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Abstract

Dementia is a progressive disease which is not curable.There are however drugs available to slow the decline of cognitive function. These will provide useful benefits they will not provide a cure and are currently only licensed for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroleptic drugs are available for patients with agitated behaviour and can be helpful but do also cause problems with adverse effects . The progress of dementia varies from person to person as does the rate at which the disease develops . One of the earliest presenting signs will be short term memory loss causing the patient to repeat things or behave in a manner out if the normal.One side effect of the memory loss will be confusion which can lead to the patient withdrawing from usual daily activities or seeming depressed. Some people will lack motivation for things such as social activities or personal hygiene. During this stage it would be likely that the patient will cover up or deny these feelings.As the illness develops the changes become more defined or noticeable. Memory problems would now be more severe and behaviours can be impaired.Patients may seem disorientated with time and place, no longer recognise important people in their life or where they live. Treatments for a patient with dementia must ensure that the well being and safety of the individual is secured. This along with social and nutritional needs is paramount.Patients must be supported fully regardless of whether they are living in their own home, community hospital or residential care home.There are some forms of dementia that can be treated if they are diagnosed properly, but most types cannot be cured. Patients are now frequently prescribed medications that can temporarily slow the process, but do not stop the disease from getting worse. In the final or terminal stage of dementia total memory loss will be evident. Patients may also behave psychotically, be totally unaware of surroundings or familiar faces and required total assistance with activities of daily living. At this stage it would be common for patients to lose weight and become totally incontinent. Feeding can become an issue and it would not be uncommon for a patient to require to be fed nasogastrically .A healthy diet, regular exercise, stimulating activities and social contacts, and accident-proofing the homes are some other drug-free treatments.

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

1.0 INTRODUCTION1

1.1 Rationale of the Study2

2.0 SEARCH STRATEGY2

3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW : CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA3

3.1 Causes of ...