Criminology

Criminology

Abstract

Disasters traumatize everyone involved, the dead, the survivors, authorities involved and the witnesses. No one is allowed to point fingers at each other considering the moment. The authorities neglect the circumstances and take corrective actions when in power, people respond back violently. People question when the investigations become failures in delivering justice to the people. Football games have been accounted as one of the most played games worldwide. Football games generally consist of a large number of people sitting in one area. This may result in havoc and incidents. Hillsborough incident is one of the major incidents that happened in the football history and has many implications attached to it. The death of 96 people traumatized many who suffered loss of families. The disaster was recorded and shown on television, yet the fans are still blamed for the incident. The incident is a reminder about how people faced tragedy and injustice in a strict judicial system. There was no responsibility shown and acknowledgements given by the authorities. The following paper describes the fatalities and the laws behind the disaster and how the supporters of the Liverpool Football Club never received justice for those who lost their lives in the FA cup.

Table of Contents

Abstractii

Criminology - Hillsborough Incident1

Introduction1

Discussion1

Deviance1

New deviance2

Howard Becker's Deviance Theory3

Stan Cohen and Criminology3

Football and society3

The Hillsborough Incident4

The Liverpool End5

Turnstile Admission5

The Central Pens6

Evenly distribution6

Inrushing supporters6

The Crush6

Post-Hillsborough Incident7

Legal proceedings9

The Cold Case9

Inquest9

The Police Authority10

Judicial Review10

Civil Cases and Scrutiny11

Statements of the Police11

Private Prosecution11

The Aftermath12

Conclusion13

Criminology - Hillsborough Incident

Introduction

Hillsborough disaster, a human crush occurred in the semi-finals of the FA cup held between Liverpool and Nottingham clubs. The incident happened during the match in 1989 which resulted in 766 injuries and 96 deaths. It is regarded as the worst incident in the British history related to stadium deaths and football matches. The following paper applies the new deviance theory considering the Hillsborough disaster and how the actions are affected and become deviant. It also analyses the opinions of the football fans and how they reacted towards the policies of how football games are to be protected under police governance where the police failed to properly manage the fans on the turnstiles.

Discussion

Deviance

In the context of sociology, deviance is described as those actions and behaviors which violate the social norms. The social norms include the formally- enacted rules like crime. Deviance is considered as the pure view of criminologists. Member of societies are conventionally guided by the norms and expectations. The failure of these norms is known as deviance. Deviance is also concerned with the process by which these beliefs, actions or conditions are viewed by others as deviant. Deviance can also be observed as social reactions, negative and stigmatizing towards these phenomena. Criminal behaviors are also considered as deviant, but it depends upon the type of crime done. For example, a theft is considered as deviant, but it is not necessary that other crimes are also considered as deviant. The crimes which are not considered as deviant are because of their little or no social ...