Criminology

Criminology

Introduction

The aim of the paper is to highlight the historical background of the crime, its consequences on society and its core causes. It has been observed that causes of crime are principally relied on quantitative method under the section of criminology. Criminology is the technological field of crime, criminal behavior and law enforcement. It is the interdisciplinary field in the behavioral sciences that draw particular research on psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists and cultural anthropologist, as well as on writings in law. The field of criminology includes different causes, incidence and effects of crime. It also involves governmental and social regulations, and response to crime. The word criminology was first framed as criminologia, in the year of 1885 by Raffaele Garofalo (Law Professor). Later on, Paul Topinard (French anthropologist) used criminology at first time in the law history. The term Crime is mainly used for breaking rules of the governing authority that finally dictate a conviction under the law.

Discussion

History of Crime

Undoubtedly, history has tremendous value in itself and requires no rationalization in terms of any other discipline. The distinctive feature about history and present is the proportional one. Crime has taken place from the birth of human kind in the world. Most of The People believe that Second World War functions as the period of recorded crime, but in the perfect picture, it is the beginning of the present period'. The study of history properly explains the facts about historical crime incidents and its development. Since 1960s, Crime rates were steadily rising in overall levels of education, poverty etc. it has been observed that religious communities considers sin as a crime. In the mythological or legendary accounts of sins origin is taken from the narrative of Adam and Eve. The foundation of crime was built up from these creatures, which disobeyed the sayings of God. The most ancient civilizations had codes of law that contain both penal and civil rules and regulation. It had been observed that general patterns of crime were produced by dreadful offences. In the early years of 1860s, we find panicking street robbery, which was known as 'garroting' (www.bbc.co.uk).

Causes of crime

It had been noticed that ratio of crime was decreasing during the nineteenth century, especially under the period of 1850-1900, even though people were poorer. The economic depression during1930s were pretty low crime rate by the standard of today, in spite of destitution and severe unemployment. If we glance over the consequences that why crime was low at that time, we will come to know about the core realities hidden behind it. For instance, under the second half of the nineteenth century, the living standard of people was low but a large group of the working class was rising. On that time, people were attracted into fixed work as industrialization extended. Today most of the people have fear to be taken out from work or enter in the labor market for fulfilling the dead end of their expenses. Urban class were stabilizing their selves because there were not huge ...