ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES AMONG INTER SEX (HERMAPHRODITE)

ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES AMONG INTER SEX (HERMAPHRODITE)



ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES AMONG SEX EDUCATION (HERMAPHRODITE)

Executive Summary

Ethical and Legal issues that may occur during inter sex education has also been a prime piece of concern and consideration that has been undertaken for the long timeframe. For the purpose and understanding of making effective use of sex education between young children and individuals, sex education has now become a necessity. Public health practitioners frequently encounter dilemmas, from the HIV epidemic to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, and food-borne illnesses.

Objectives

We explored the relationship between the preparedness of master of public health (MPH) graduates in public health law and ethics and their completion of courses in these areas. The ethical and policy issues concerning, for example, HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis already have thrust public health ethics into the thick of this clash of values. And, if the issue of paternalism (limiting the freedom of the individual for the sake of his or her own greater good or best interests) were not enough, the cognate dash between individualistic civil liberties and a communitarian orientation (limiting the freedom of the individual for the sake of the common good or public interest) will also provoke lively discussion.

Neither of these conflicts is intractable, however. Beginning with the civil libertarian concerns of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s, a rights-based orientation has made a strong mark, occasioning some important struggles about the relationship between individual and society and seeking better ways to balance community health needs and individual rights.

The Scope of Public Health Ethics

Our results suggest that the vast majority of accredited public health schools and programs do not require students to complete graduate courses in ethics or law to obtain an MPH degree. In the case of ethics, it appeals that little has changed during the past decade despite the escalating number of natural and human-made disasters that drive many ethical dilemmas.

MPH graduates' responses to our scenarios were encouraging. The majority of the participants believed that they wore prepared to deal with the challenges thrust upon them. Although responses varied among the scenarios, more than half of the participants indicated that they were prepared or very prepared for each scenario. (It is important to note that although respondents were USU alumni, they were not necessarily affiliated with the US military.}

It is noteworthy that there were no statistically significant relationships between scenario responses and completion of a formal graduate course in ethics. One broad explanation could be that the ethics courses at USU have historically focused on "medical ethics" as opposed to specifically "public health ethics." The primary ethics course, an elective, shifted in 2004 to a broad public health ethics course. Another explanation for the lack of significant findings could be the small number (n=20) of individuals who had completed a formal ethics course.

Strengths and Limitations

Our scenario-based survey measuring MPH graduates' preparedness in facing real-world ethical and legal public health challenges was validated and pretested through ...