NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Nosocomial Infections

Executive Summary

Nosocomial infections (NI) contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, as well as to excess costs for hospitalized patients. Nosocomial infections (NI)-related mortality remains a real public health problem and is also an indicator of healthcare quality and risk management in healthcare settings. Since the 1970s, nosocomial infections (NI) have been associated with 80 000 deaths per year and are ranked as the 11th most common cause of hospital deaths in the USA. Extrapolation based on these data would indicate that 10 000-12 000 deaths per year in France are associated with nosocomial infections (NI). However, recent hospital-wide data on mortality attributable to nosocomial infections (NI) are not available.

Table of Contents

Chapter 14

Introduction4

Background of the Study4

Problem Statement4

Rationale of the study5

Aim of the Study6

Significance of the study6

Research Questions7

Keywords7

Ch # 28

Literature Review8

Ch # 312

Methods12

Research Questions12

Setting12

Inclusion criteria and random process12

Matching12

Data collection12

Ch # 412

Findings & Analysis12

Mortality Rate From Nosocomial Infections In Neonatal Intensive Care Units12

Reduce The Incidences Of Nosocomial Infections In Neonatal Intensive Care Units12

Costs12

Point of view and cost appraisal12

Criteria of analysis12

Statistical analysis12

Results12

Total additional direct medical costs due to NI (additional costs B and C)12

Cost difference between the actual cost and DRG rate ( cost difference D)12

Re-evaluation of the DRG12

Ch # 512

Discussion12

References12

Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Prospective analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection and associated risk factors in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and report on nosocomial infections (NIs), causative organisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in neonates who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and assess the performance of birth weight (BW) as a variable for risk stratified NI rate reporting.

Problem Statement

The problem statement of the study would be Overcrowding and understaffing of the NICUs are persistent problems in Argentina. Limited availability of disposable devices, suboptimal care of central venous lines and poor compliance with infection control measures have all been associated with the high incidence of nosocomial infections. While high nursery census and high patient to staff ratios are unlikely to change, redesigning of infection control strategies to adapt them to the existing circumstances may reduce hospital-acquired infections.

Critically ill patients in intensive care unit are at a higher risk of nosocomial infection due to multiple causes including disruption of barriers to infection by end tracheal intubations and tracheotomy, urinary bladder catheterization and central venous catheterization (Berrouane, 2006). The most common nosocomial infection in medical ICUs is urinary tract infection, followed by pneumonia and primary blood stream infection.8 Common infections detected in our study were catheter-related urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection including ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), bloodstream infection, wound infection and gastrointestinal and soft tissue infections. The frequency of nosocomial infection reported in current study was 29.13%. The frequency of nosocomial infection at two ICUs of a tertiary care hospital was 39.7%. The higher frequency of nosocomial infection in the later study was attributed to the fact that a number of patients were on immunosuppressant drugs.

Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study would be analyzing the Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care ...