Critical appraisal on the link between obstructive apnea and type II diabetes



Table of Contents

i

i

Abstractiii

Introduction1

Topic Explained2

Rationale3

Literature Review3

Study framework5

Research objective5

Human sample6

Instruments6

Method6

Data Collection6

Statistical Analysis7

Findings7

Critique8

Conclusion8

Abstract

This study is being conducted to critically appraise the work of Kevin J. Reichmuth, Diane Austin, James B. Skatrud and Terry Young on their research Association of Sleep Apnea and Type II Diabetes A Population-based Study. The study looks into how obstructive sleep apnea is linked with diabetes type II. Countless researches are being conducted on this finding since no solid proof has been obtained that there is such a relationship between both factors.

Critical appraisal on the link between obstructive apnea and type II diabetes

Introduction

Researches clearly show a substantial increase in the lifespan for most population, the reason might be attributed to better healthcare and epidemiological control over infectious and malignant diseases due to the advances in modern medicine. However, recently an alarming number of non infectious chronic pathologies that were nonexistent in the previous years are now rising to the surface and have become ubiquitous impacting the economy and the society (Nursing Times, 2011).

Developing and developed countries are both experiencing epidemiological changes in which various metabolic disorders have been recognized which is a serious threat. Out of all the metabolic diseases emerging type II diabetes mellitus which was considered rare in the past has now become a huge hurdle for heath care worldwide (Nursing Times, 2011). The estimated prevalence of diabetes was 2.8% of the population in the year 2000, 177 million people around the world were suffering from this disease. Studies have shown possibility that by the year 2030; approximately 4.4% of the population will be afflicted which comes out to be a total of 370 million people globally (Barker, 2011).

The majority type of diabetes is type II, which is preventable, there is also evidence that genetic predisposition is a factor in the development. Various environmental factors further increase this disease, factors like being overweight or living a sedentary lifestyle has an impact on how the disease grows. According to the American Diabetes Association, in type II There is a failure in producing enough insulin to meet the bodily requirements Insulin is essential for the body to be capable of using glucose for strength. The fundamental difference between both type I & II diabetes is that children are prone to type I, it occurs when the body fails to produce insulin (American Diabetes Association, n.d).

Recent research shows a relationship between type II diabetes and various sleep disordered breathing (SDB) particularly obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA) which is the most prevalent Sleep disorder. Overweight and obese individuals are likely more prone to this condition. OSA might also affect the glycaemic control in type II diabetes (Barker, 2011).

According to the Nursing times journal, Apnea occurs when the soft tissues and muscles in the throat relax and collapse causing a total blockage of the airflow. It is considered an Apnea only when breathing is blocked for 10 seconds or ...